Indirect pulp therapy (IPT) is a common conservative treatment for deep dental caries. However, the potential risk factors for the prognosis of IPT have not been well studied. This study retrospectively investigated the success rate of IPT in treating primary molars with deep caries and the factors potentially affecting the two-year success rate. A total of 303 primary molars in 202 children (106 boys and 96 girls) were included in this study. These primary molars were identified as having deep caries by clinical and radiographic examinations and were treated with IPT. The factors potentially affecting the IPT success rate were analyzed after two years of follow-up. The results indicated that the two-year IPT success rate was 86% (262/303). The success rate of primary molars with and without stainless steel crowns was 96% (120/125) and 80% (142/178), respectively. Primary molars treated with stainless steel crowns showed a significantly lower risk of failure (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.10, 0.34), p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in other factors, including gender (male vs. female), age (preschool vs. school age), cooperation level (Frankl 2 vs. 3 or 4 scales), arch type (maxillary vs. mandibular), tooth type (first vs. second primary molar), or pulp capping material (calcium hydroxide vs. glass ionomer cement). IPT is an effective, conservative treatment modality for primary molars with deep caries. Stainless steel crowns could significantly improve the IPT success rate.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most prevalent chronic oral disease and one of the worldwide public health problems of great urgency for children. ECC can affect children\'s teeth, dentition, craniomaxillofacial, and general health and development. Therefore, through dental caries etiologies and caries risk assessment, patient-centered, personalized planning and a combination of prevention and treatment should be implemented in the clinical management for ECC. Periodic and continuous cycle management can only be accomplished with the cooperation of medical staff, children, and their guardians. This expert consensus will expound the clinical management of ECC in the following aspects: caries risk assessment, early clinical prevention, treatment strategies, and postoperative management.

Deciduous teeth are the first dentition of humans and play an important role in children\'s physical and mental development. Dental caries are one of the most common oral diseases in children. According to the data of the World Health Organization, 60%-90% of school children worldwide develop dental caries. In China, dental caries of primary teeth feature high incidence and low rate of visits. Without timely treatment, the deep caries lesions of primary teeth can lead to teeth defect, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, and maxillofacial space infection. Moreover, the premature loss of deciduous teeth can cause malocclusion and eruption disorder of subsequent permanent teeth. These conditions all cause considerable effects on children\'s oral health and physical and mental development. Performing active and effective measures to treat deciduous teeth with deep caries lesions is important to maintain the integrity and normal physiological function of dentition and facilitate normal eruption of permanent teeth. The current situation of indirect pulp therapy in China was studied in this paper. Basic concepts, including indirect pulp capping, interim therapeutic restoration, partial caries removal, stepwise caries removal, and atraumatic restorative therapy, have been defined by consulting domestic and foreign literature. A theoretical basis for improving the clinical pathway of deciduous teeth with deep caries lesions is provided by explaining the technical connotation and therapeutic importance of indirect pulp therapy in primary teeth.
乳牙是人类的第一副牙齿，其正常萌出建并行使生理功能对儿童的身心发育具有重要意义。乳牙龋病是儿童慢性疾病之首，是儿童口腔医学临床最常见的疾病之一。根据世界卫生组织调查数据显示，世界范围内60%~
90%的学龄儿童患有龋病。乳牙龋病在我国具有患龋率高，就诊率低下的特点，如不及时治疗，可导致牙体组织缺损、生理间隙丢失、牙髓和根尖周病变及颌面间隙感染，严重者可致乳牙早失并伴发牙列畸形及后续恒牙萌出障碍等不良结果，影响儿童口腔健康及身心发育。因此，对深龋乳牙采取积极有效的治疗措施对保存必要乳牙及其牙髓活力，恢复正常生理功能，维持牙列完整性，诱导后续恒牙正常萌出建具有重要意义。本文从目前深龋乳牙间接牙髓治疗的研究认识现状出发，通过文献资料收集整理，对间接牙髓治疗、间接盖髓术、暂时性保髓充填、部分去龋法、分步去龋法和非创伤性修复治疗等相关概念进行了对比分析，阐明了乳牙间接牙髓治疗的技术内涵和治疗意义，对乳牙深龋的临床治疗路径完善提供了理论依据。.