假设蛋白(HP)是非预测序列,仅通过测序基因组中的开放阅读框来鉴定,但是他们的蛋白质产品仍然没有任何实验手段的特征。每个物种的基因组由参与各种细胞过程和信号传导途径的HP组成。HPs的注释很重要,因为它们在疾病机制中起着关键作用,药物设计,疫苗生产,抗生素生产,和主机适应。在细菌的情况下,25-50%的基因组包含HP,参与代谢途径和发病机理。细菌HP的表征有助于鉴定与发病机理有关的毒力蛋白。这可以使用计算机研究来完成,提供序列类似物,理化性质,细胞或亚细胞定位,结构和功能验证,和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。最多样化的毒力蛋白是外毒素,内毒素,和由细菌染色体DNA上存在的毒力基因编码的粘附毒力因子。这篇综述评估了致病菌的毒力HPs,如金黄色葡萄球菌,沙眼衣原体,具核梭杆菌,和鼠疫耶尔森氏菌.这些HP作为细菌引起的传染病的药物靶标的潜力,以及行动模式和治疗方法,已经讨论过了。
Hypothetical proteins (HPs) are non-predicted sequences that are identified only by open reading frames in sequenced genomes, but their protein products remain uncharacterized by any experimental means. The genome of every species consists of HPs that are involved in various cellular processes and signaling pathways. Annotation of HPs is important as they play a key role in disease mechanisms, drug designing, vaccine production, antibiotic production, and host adaptation. In the case of bacteria, 25-50% of the genome comprises HPs, which are involved in metabolic pathways and pathogenesis. The characterization of bacterial HPs helps to identify virulent proteins that are involved in pathogenesis. This can be done using in-silico studies, which provide sequence analogs, physiochemical properties, cellular or subcellular localization, structure and function validation, and protein-protein interactions. The most diverse types of virulent proteins are exotoxins, endotoxins, and adherent virulent factors that are encoded by virulent genes present on the chromosomal DNA of the bacteria. This review evaluates virulent HPs of pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Yersinia pestis. The potential of these HPs as a drug target in bacteria-caused infectious diseases, along with the mode of action and treatment approaches, has been discussed.