背景:本研究于2019年7月和2020年1月在Nowshera区的两个野生动物园进行,开伯尔·普赫图赫瓦,巴基斯坦,濒临灭绝的旁遮普邦(Ovisvigneipunjabiensis)在人工饲养中成功繁殖。我们确定了利用拥堵情况的内部和外部寄生虫的多样性,导致被囚禁的野生动物大量死亡。
方法:通过直接湿涂片和浮选方法确定活尿液的内部寄生虫,而对死亡的尿液进行尸检以进行任何相关观察。
结果:所有检查的粪便样本均被胃肠道寄生虫感染,冬季和夏季的总丰度差异显著。S.papillosus和H.contortus,和一个原生动物,艾美球虫。是粪便样本中的主要寄生虫。从尿液围栏和死亡动物中收集的蜱是单一物种。Theileriaspp.在血液中观察到,而在尸检的尿路的肺和肝脏中发现了包虫囊肿。
结论:该研究表明,内部寄生虫,如扭曲的血球和乳突类圆线虫,而外部寄生虫如Hyalommaanatolicum蜱在人口下降中起主要作用。严格兽医对传染病的控制,提供卫生和补充饮食,适当维持尿量是控制死亡率的必要措施。
BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted in Jul 2019 and Jan 2020 in two wildlife parks of the Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, where the endangered Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) is successfully bred in captivity. We determined diversity of internal and external parasites that take advantage of the situation of congestion, resulting in massive mortalities of wild animals in captivity.
METHODS: Internal parasites of living urial were determined by direct wet smear and flotation methods, while dead urial was necropsied for any pertaining observation.
RESULTS: All examined fecal samples were found infected with gastrointestinal parasites, which had significant difference in the total abundance in winter and summer. S. papillosus and H.contortus, and a single protozoan, Eimeria spp. were the dominant parasites in fecal samples. Ticks collected from urial enclosures and dead animals were of single species H. anatolicum. Theileria spp. was observed in blood, while hydatid cysts were found in lungs and liver of necropsied urial.
CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that internal parasites such as Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus, while external parasites as Hyalomma anatolicum ticks played major role in the population decline. Strict veterinary control of infectious diseases, provision of hygienic and supplementary diet, and proper maintenance of urial population are necessary measures for the control of mortalities.