背景:在过去的十年中,基于顺铂的化疗一直是晚期阴茎鳞状细胞癌(PSCC)的首选,但是它的效用受到低响应率的限制,全身毒性,和化学抗性,这有助于预后不良。对于晚期PSCC没有标准的二线治疗。人表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)靶向抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)是新型低毒性药物,极大地改善了几种晚期癌症的临床结果。我们旨在探索表达模式,临床意义,Her-2的致癌作用和Her-2靶向性ADC在PSCC中的治疗潜力。
方法:对迄今为止最大的单中心PSCC队列(367例患者)进行Her-2免疫组织化学。PSCC细胞系,顺铂耐药细胞系,皮下异种移植,和足垫转移模型用于研究Her-2在PSCC进展中的生物学作用。细胞毒性,凋亡测定,和蛋白质印迹研究了Her-2诱导顺铂化疗耐药的机制。DisitamabVedotin(RC48)的疗效,她的2-目标ADC,在PSCC中进行了评估。
结果:Her-2被确定为与晚期肿瘤淋巴结转移(TNM)分期和不良生存率相关的不良预后指标,免疫组织化学表达率约为47.7%(1,23.2%;2+,18.0%;3+,6.5%)在PSCC中。Her-2促进细胞增殖,迁移,入侵,肿瘤进展,PSCC的顺铂耐药。机械上,Her-2通过激活Ser473的Akt磷酸化来抑制顺铂诱导的细胞凋亡,并破坏促凋亡蛋白和抗凋亡蛋白之间的平衡。同时,顺铂耐药的PSCC细胞表现出侵袭性致癌能力和Her-2上调。更重要的是,RC48在Her2阳性和顺铂耐药的PSCC肿瘤中均显示出显着的抗肿瘤活性。
结论:我们的研究表明Her-2是PSCC可用的治疗性生物标志物。Her-2靶向ADC可能有可能改善高危Her-2阳性晚期PSCC患者的临床结果,并为合适的基于顺铂的化疗耐药患者提供宝贵的二线临床选择。
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been the first choice for advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) in the last decade, but its utility is limited by the low response rate, systemic toxicity, and chemoresistance, which contribute to a poor prognosis. There is no standard second-line therapy for advanced PSCC. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2)-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel low-toxicity agents which have greatly improved clinical outcomes for several advanced cancers. We aimed to explore the expression pattern, clinical significance, and oncogenic roles of Her-2 and the therapeutic potential of Her-2-targeted ADCs in PSCC.
Her-2 immunohistochemistry was performed for the largest single-centre PSCC cohort to date (367 patients). PSCC cell lines, cisplatin-resistant cell lines, subcutaneous xenograft, and footpad metastatic models were used to investigate the biological roles of Her-2 in PSCC progression. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis assays, and western blotting investigated the mechanism of Her-2 induced cisplatin-chemoresistance. The efficacy of Disitamab Vedotin (RC48), a Her-2-targeted ADC, was evaluated in PSCC.
Her-2 was identified as an adverse prognostic indicator associated with advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stages and poor survival with an immunohistochemical expression rate of approximately 47.7% (1+, 23.2%; 2+, 18.0%; 3+, 6.5%) in PSCC. Her-2 promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumour progression, and cisplatin resistance in PSCC. Mechanistically, Her-2 inhibits cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis by the activation of Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and disrupts the balance between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. Meanwhile, cisplatin-resistant PSCC cells present aggressive oncogenic abilities and Her-2 upregulation. More importantly, RC48 displayed remarkable antitumor activities in both Her2-positive and cisplatin-resistant PSCC tumours.
Our study suggests that Her-2 is an available therapeutic biomarker for PSCC. Her-2-targeted ADC might have the potential to improve clinical outcomes in high-risk Her-2-positive advanced PSCC patients and provide precious second-line clinical choice for appropriate cisplatin-based chemoresistance patients.