背景:基于社会认知理论,这项研究旨在检查社交能力(即,认知移情和情感移情)与赌博障碍(GD)相关,方法是结合对一般风险的态度(即,风险厌恶)和负责任的赌博作为这一联系的潜在调解人。
方法:580名过去一年的彩票赌徒的便利样本(Mage=34.07,SD=13.36;50.4%的女性),在彩票销售店附近招募,在现场完成了一份匿名纸质问卷。数据使用DSM-5诊断标准收集GD,人际反应指数,风险厌恶量表,正播放比例,和人口统计项目。应用路径分析和中介分析检验认知移情和情感移情对GD的影响以及风险厌恶和负责任赌博态度的中介作用。
结果:我们的结果表明,认知移情,但不是情感上的同理心,与GD呈显著负相关。此外,认知移情对GD的影响完全由风险厌恶和负责任的赌博态度介导,而情绪移情对GD的总间接影响不显著。正如假设的那样,从两种类型的移情到GD的间接路径均由风险厌恶和负责任的赌博态度显著且连续地介导。
结论:认知移情,不同于情感上的同理心,是GD的统计学显著相关。此外,路径模型结果还表明,负责任的赌博态度是针对GD的重要保护因素。未来的GD预防工作可能会受益于更加关注负责任的赌博态度的作用。
BACKGROUND: Based on social cognitive theory, this study aimed to examine whether and how social abilities (i.e., cognitive empathy and emotional empathy) are associated with
gambling disorder (GD) by incorporating attitudes toward general risk (i.e., risk aversion) and responsible
gambling as potential mediators of this link.
METHODS: A convenience sample of 580 past-year lottery gamblers (Mage = 34.07, SD = 13.36; 50.4% female), recruited near lottery sales shops, completed an anonymous paper-version questionnaire on site. Data were collected using the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for GD, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Risk Aversion Scale, Positive Play Scale, and demographic items. Path analysis and mediation analysis were applied to examine the effects of cognitive empathy and emotional empathy on GD and the mediating roles of risk aversion and responsible gambling attitude.
RESULTS: Our results showed that cognitive empathy, but not emotional empathy, was significantly and negatively correlated with GD. Also, the effect of cognitive empathy on GD was fully mediated by risk aversion and responsible
gambling attitude, whilst the total indirect effect of emotional empathy on GD was nonsignificant. As hypothesized, the indirect paths from both types of empathy to GD were significantly and serially mediated by risk aversion and responsible gambling attitude.
CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive empathy, distinct from emotional empathy, was a statistically significant correlate of GD. Moreover, the path model results also suggest that responsible
gambling attitude was a salient protective factors against GD. Future GD prevention efforts may benefit from paying more attention to the role of responsible
gambling attitude.