目的:我们旨在研究心血管疾病(CVD)之间的潜在关系和性别差异,糖尿病,肥胖,呼吸相关疾病,和赌博障碍(GD)。我们假设(1)GD患者比对照组更可能患有CVD,糖尿病,肥胖,和呼吸相关的疾病;(2)GD的女性比GD的男性更有可能患有CVD,糖尿病,肥胖,和呼吸道相关疾病。
方法:全国回顾性病例对照研究。
方法:我们使用了2005年至2019年瑞典国家卫生与福利委员会的数据。共纳入10766名患者,其中3592人患有GD.每个GD患者与两个年龄和性别匹配的对照匹配。患者数据,包括医疗诊断史,被提取。描述性统计,卡方检验和Fisher精确检验用于比较GD患者和对照组。
结果:GD患者的CVD和呼吸相关疾病患病率高于对照组。GD患者的糖尿病发生率为5%,对照组为2%;CVD(18%vs12%);呼吸相关疾病(7%vs4%);肥胖(7%vs3%)。与男性相比,诊断为GD的女性除糖尿病外,肥胖和躯体合并症的患病率更高。
结论:这是迄今为止进行的最大的病例对照研究,显示GD患者的CVD患病率更高,糖尿病,肥胖,和呼吸相关疾病比对照组。患有GD的女性似乎比男性更容易患CVD,肥胖,和呼吸系统相关疾病;然而,这可以部分解释为求助行为的差异。因此,我们的研究结果强调了早期识别可能也有需要治疗的躯体疾病的GD患者的重要性.这可以通过实施GD的筛选程序来实现,CVD,糖尿病,肥胖,与呼吸有关的疾病,并包括健康的生活方式管理策略。
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine potential relationships and gender differences between cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, respiratory-related disorders, and
gambling disorder (GD). We hypothesized that (1) GD patients would be more likely than controls to have CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related diseases; and (2) females with GD would be more likely than men with GD to have CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related diseases.
METHODS: National retrospective
case-control study.
METHODS: We used data from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare between 2005 and 2019. A total of 10,766 patients were included, and 3592 of them had GD. Every GD patient was matched with two age- and gender-matched controls. Patient data, including the history of medical diagnoses, were extracted. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared and Fisher\'s exact tests were used to compare GD patients and controls.
RESULTS: GD patients had a higher prevalence of CVD and respiratory-related disorders than controls. Diabetes rates were 5% for GD patients and 2% for controls; CVD (18% vs 12%); respiratory-related disease (7% vs 4%); and obesity (7% vs 3%). Women with a diagnosis of GD have a higher prevalence of obesity and somatic comorbidities other than diabetes compared to men.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest
case-control study conducted to date showing GD patients have a higher prevalence of CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related disorders than controls. Women with GD appear to be more susceptible than men to CVD, obesity, and respiratory-related disorders; however, this may be partially explained by differences in help-seeking behavior. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of early identification of GD patients who may also have somatic conditions requiring treatment. This can be accomplished by implementing a screening program for GD, CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related disorders, and by including healthy lifestyle management strategies.