To explore the potential value of serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) combined with inflammatory cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers for anti-tuberculosis drug -induced liver injury (ATB-DILI). We collected the residual serum from the patients who met the criteria after liver function tests. We have examined these parameters including GLDH which were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cytokines which were determined by cytokine combination detection kit. Multivariate logistics stepwise forward regression was applied to establish regression models. A total of 138 tuberculosis patients were included in the diagnostic markers study of ATB-DILI, including normal liver function group (n = 108) and ATB-DILI group(n = 30). Serum GLDH, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly increased in the ATB-DILI group. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve showed that the area under curve (AUC) of serum GLDH, IL-6 and IL-10 for the diagnosis of ATB-DILI were 0.870, 0.714 and 0.811, respectively. In logistic regression modeling, the AUC of GLDH combined with IL-10 as an ATB-DILI marker is 0.912. Serum IL-6、IL-10 and GLDH levels began to rise preceded the increase in ALT by 7 days, with significant differences in IL-6 compared with 7 days. Serum GLDH, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were correlated with the severity of liver injury. In conclusion, we found that GLDH, IL-6 and IL-10 alone as diagnostic markers of ATB-DILI had good diagnostic efficacy. Logistic regression model established by GLDH and IL-10 had better diagnostic efficacy and IL-6 may be an early predictor of liver injury in the setting of ATB poisoning.

Ascorbic acid (L-AsA) is an important antioxidant in plants and humans. Vegetables are one of the main sources of ascorbic acid for humans. For instance, non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) is considered as one of the most important vegetables in south China. To elucidate the mechanism by which AsA accumulates, we systematically investigated the expression profiles of D-mannose/L-galactose pathway-related genes. We also investigated the recycling-related genes and AsA contents in different tissues of three non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivars, \'Suzhouqing\', \'Wutacai\' and \'Erqing\' containing different amounts of AsA. Our results showed that six genes [D-mannose-6-phosphate isomerase 1 (PMI1), GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 1 (GGP1), GGP2, GGP4, GDP-mannose-3\', 5\'-epimerase1 (GME1), and GME2] were expressed at high level and ascorbate oxidase (AAO) was expressed at low level. This expression pattern contributes, at least partially, to higher AsA accumulation in the leaves and petioles than in the roots. Eight genes (PMI1, GME, GGP, L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase, L-galactose dehydrogenase, L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase, monodehydroascorbate reductase 1, and glutathione reductase1) were also expressed at high level; AAO and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were expressed at low level. This expression pattern may similarly contribute to higher AsA accumulation in \'Wutacai\' and \'Suzhouqing\' than in \'Erqing\'. Therefore, the high expression levels of PMI, GME, and GGP and the low expression level of AAO contributed to the high AsA accumulation in non-heading Chinese cabbage.

Ascorbate is a primary antioxidant and an essential enzyme cofactor in plants, which has an important effect on the development of plant root system. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of ascorbate accumulation during root development and reveal the key genes of the ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling pathways, the expression of 16 related genes together with ascorbate abundance were analyzed in the flesh and skin of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) fleshy root. The content of ascorbate decreased with root growth in both the flesh and skin. Expression of GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase, GDP-d-mannose-3\',5\'-epimerase and d-galacturonate reductase were also decreased and correlated with ascorbate levels in the flesh. In the skin, the expression of GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase and l-galactose dehydrogenase was correlated with ascorbate levels. These results suggested that ascorbate accumulation is affected mainly by biosynthesis rather than recycling in radish root, and the l-galactose pathway may be the major biosynthetic route of ascorbate, and moreover, the salvage pathway may also contribute to ascorbate accumulation. The data suggested that GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase could play an important role in the regulation of ascorbate accumulation during radish fleshy taproot development.