分子印迹聚合物由于其可预先设计的特性而受到了各个领域的广泛关注,识别能力,和实用性。然而,传统嵌入方法的缺点,其中包括缓慢的识别率,不均匀的网站识别,低结合能力,和不完全的模板分子洗脱,限制了分子印迹技术的发展。表面分子印迹技术的发展有效地解决了这些问题,分子印迹聚合物的合成采用不同的材料作为载体。金属有机骨架(MOFs)作为载体显示出巨大的潜力。由于它们的高孔隙率和比表面积,MOFs可以为分子印迹提供大量的活性位点,这可以提高它们的检测灵敏度。MOF材料的可变金属中心和有机配体也可以导致多种结构和功能。已经合成了许多类型的MOF材料,这些材料的性能可以通过调整其孔径和引入官能团来定制。MOFs与分子印迹技术相结合,可以充分利用分子印迹技术的特异性吸附和MOFs的大比表面积和多活性位点,从而扩大了所得材料的应用范围。在本文中,讨论了MOF功能化概念的五个方面:引入特殊配体,金属中心站点的监管,MOF配合物的形成,MOFs的衍生化,和牺牲MOFs。MOF基分子印迹材料在催化中的应用,样品预处理,药物携带者,荧光传感器,和电化学传感器也进行了综述。最后,对MOF基分子印迹材料存在的问题和未来的发展进行了讨论和展望。
Molecularly imprinted polymers have received wide attention from various fields owing to their pre-designable, recognition ability, and practicality. However, the disadvantages of the traditional embedding method, which include a slow recognition rate, uneven site recognition, low binding capacity, and incomplete template molecule elution, limit the development of molecular imprinting technology. Surface molecular imprinting techniques have been developed to effectively solve these problems, and different materials are used as carriers in the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential as carriers. Because of their high porosity and specific surface area, MOFs can provide a large number of active sites for molecular imprinting, which can improve their detection sensitivity. The variable metal centers and organic ligands of MOF materials can also lead to multiple structures and functions. Numerous types of MOF materials have been synthesized, and the properties of these materials can be tailored by adjusting their pore size and introducing functional groups. MOFs and molecular imprinting technology can be combined to take full advantage of the specific adsorption of molecular imprinting technology and the large specific surface area and multiple active sites of MOFs, thereby expanding the application range of the resulting materials. In this paper, five aspects of the concept of MOF functionalization are discussed: introduction of special ligands, regulation of metal central sites, formation of MOF complexes, derivatization of MOFs, and sacrificial MOFs. The applications of MOF-based molecularly imprinted materials in catalysis, sample pretreatment, drug carriers, fluorescence sensors, and electrochemical sensors are also reviewed. Finally, the existing problems and future development of MOF-based molecularly imprinted materials are discussed and prospected.