种植已被广泛用于对抗盐沼的流失并建立有生命的海岸线。然而,在全球范围内,人们对盐沼种植成功的驱动因素及其生态效应知之甚少。这里,我们组建了一个全球数据库,包括210项研究报告的22,074项观察,检查盐沼种植的驱动因素和影响。我们证明,平均而言,全球53%的种植存活下来,植物的生存和生长可以通过精心设计的场地来增强,物种选择,和新的种植技术。种植增强了海岸线保护,初级生产力,土壤碳储量,生物多样性保护和渔业生产(效应大小分别为0.61、1.55、0.21、0.10和1.01),与退化的湿地相比。然而,种植沼泽的生态系统服务,除了海岸线保护,与自然湿地相比,尚未完全恢复(效应大小=-0.25,95%CI-0.29,-0.22)。幸运的是,与自然湿地相比,与减缓气候变化和生物多样性相关的大多数生态功能水平随着种植年龄的增加而增加,并在5-25年后达到与自然湿地的等效。总的来说,我们的结果表明,盐沼种植可以作为加强海岸线保护的策略,生物多样性保护和碳封存。
Planting has been widely adopted to battle the loss of salt marshes and to establish living shorelines. However, the drivers of success in salt marsh planting and their ecological effects are poorly understood at the global scale. Here, we assemble a global database, encompassing 22,074 observations reported in 210 studies, to examine the drivers and impacts of salt marsh planting. We show that, on average, 53% of plantings survived globally, and plant survival and growth can be enhanced by careful design of sites, species selection, and novel planted technologies. Planting enhances shoreline protection, primary productivity, soil carbon storage, biodiversity conservation and fishery production (effect sizes = 0.61, 1.55, 0.21, 0.10 and 1.01, respectively), compared with degraded wetlands. However, the ecosystem services of planted marshes, except for shoreline protection, have not yet fully recovered compared with natural wetlands (effect size = -0.25, 95% CI -0.29, -0.22). Fortunately, the levels of most ecological functions related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity increase with plantation age when compared with natural wetlands, and achieve equivalence to natural wetlands after 5-25 years. Overall, our results suggest that salt marsh planting could be used as a strategy to enhance shoreline protection, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration.