Top managers\' past experiences (e.g., foreign experience) significantly impact their decision-making behavior, which may influence firms\' sustainable development. The available literature, focusing on the role of the increase in the number of top executives with foreign experience in corporate social responsibility (CSR), yields mixed results. In order to clarify the ambiguous relationship between executive foreign experience and CSR, we empirically examine the effect of the geographic diversity of top executives\' foreign experience on CSR. Based on a hand-collected dataset of the top management team\'s (TMT\'s) foreign experience, we demonstrate the positive impact of the geographic diversity of returnee executives\' foreign experience on firms\' CSR using Chinese A-share listed firms from 2009 to 2018. Moreover, this impact is stronger in firms with political connections with the central government and in regions with good market development. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis shows that returnee executives drive firms\' CSR by promoting corporate donations and green innovation. This paper offers clear policy implications by suggesting that hiring returnees with a broad geographic scope of foreign experience as corporate executives is an efficient way to enhance firms\' CSR.

From 1950 to 1970, under the leadership of the central government, workstations for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis were established in the southern Anhui region. In terms of controlling the source of the disease, light and severe epidemic areas were scientifically divided. By opening new ditches to replace old ones, changing paddy fields to dry fields, and using traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine to prevent the intermediate host of schistosomiasis, oncomelania from surviving. By managing the feces from human and animals and controlling the water source, the transmission route of schistosome eggs has been effectively cut off. At the same time, the education of hygiene awareness among susceptible populations were strengthened. In terms of diagnosis, modern physical and biochemical detection were used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. In terms of treatment, by combining traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, together with the splenectomy, the cure rates were improved. In the process of preventing and controlling schistosomiasis, the governments of Anhui Province and the southern region of Anhui Province achieved good results, providing useful reference for the prevention and control of other diseases.
1950—1970年间，在中央政府的领导下，皖南地区成立了防治血吸虫病的工作所和工作站，在控制病源方面，科学划分轻重疫区，以开新沟填旧沟、水田改旱田以及中西药物等灭螺方式切断血吸虫中间宿主钉螺的生存；通过管理人畜粪便和水源，有效地切断了血吸虫卵的传播；同时对易感人群进行卫生意识宣传和教育。诊断上，以西医物理和生化检验为主，提高诊断准确率；治疗上以中西医药治疗加西医手术切脾的方式，提高了治愈率。安徽省及皖南地区政府在防治血吸虫病过程中取得了良好的防治成果，为其他疫病的防治提供了有益的借鉴。.

The existing literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) drivers focuses on firm- and institution-level factors and rarely on the role of political incentives. Public officials control enormous resources in China, and their political incentives substantially shape certain firm behaviors. As CSR is one of the critical measures that the central government uses to evaluate the performance of local government, local officials have the incentive to channel firms into accomplishing their political goals. Correspondingly, local firms may strategically implement CSR to build a good relationship with local governments. This study investigates the impact of local officials\' political incentives (measured by tenure) on firms\' CSR. Using a panel of publicly listed Chinese firms covering 2009-2019, it documents a U-shaped effect of government officials\' tenure on the CSR performance of firms within their jurisdiction. To wit, the firm\'s CSR decreases first and then increases with the growth of tenure. Moreover, this U-shaped effect will be strengthened in regions with a high priority of gross domestic product (GDP) growth and will be weakened in regions with good market development. In addition, there is no significant evidence that party officials\' tenure affects firms\' CSR. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the political determinants of CSR in emerging markets.

The cholera epidemic in 1919 started from coastal cities in the south of China and the cities near Russia in the north. It centered on those cities with relatively developed economies with well-developed transportation, and spread along railway lines and coastal lines in both directions to the North and the South, based on the reports in Ta Kung Pao. It covered 14 provinces, the municipalities under the Central Government and the special administrative regions. To prevent and control the 1919 cholera epidemic, the Republic of China government took some effective measures, such as reminding people of prevention, providing medical assistance, controlling the flow of people and cutting off transmission routes. It was found that some serious issues were exposed in the process of preventing and controlling the 1919 cholera epidemic, such as corrupt government, the ignorance of part of the population and poor medical services and technology. Analysing the historical materials of the 1919 cholera epidemic and summarising its experience and lessons in Ta Kung Pao can provide references for future epidemic prevention and control.
据《大公报》关于霍乱疫情的报道可知，1919年在全国大面积流行的霍乱，是以中国南方沿海城市和北方临近俄国的城市为起点，以经济比较发达、交通比较便利的城市为中心，沿铁路线和海运线南北双向流行，范围涉及14个省、直辖市和特别行政区。民国政府积极培养全民预防意识，提供医疗救助，管控流动人群，努力切断霍乱传播途径，对有效控制疫情发挥了重要作用。但在疫情防控过程中，也暴露了政府腐败、民众蒙昧、医学水平较低等影响疫情防控效果的消极因素。整理霍乱流行史料，总结当年的疫病防控经验教训，可为今后的疫病防控提供借鉴。.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is still raging. Similar to other RNA viruses, SARS-COV-2 is constantly mutating, which leads to the production of many infectious and lethal strains. For instance, the omicron variant detected in November 2021 became the leading strain of infection in many countries around the world and sparked an intense public debate on social media. The aim of this study is to explore the Chinese public\'s perception of the omicron variants on social media. A total of 121,632 points of data relating to omicron on Sina Weibo from 0:00 27 November 2021 to 23:59:59 30 March 2022 (Beijing time) were collected and analyzed with LDA-based topic modeling and DLUT-Emotion ontology-based sentiment analysis. The results indicate that (1) the public discussion of omicron is based on five topics, including omicron\'s impact on the economy, the omicron infection situation in other countries/regions, the omicron infection situation in China, omicron and vaccines and pandemic prevention and control for omicron. (2) From the 3 sentiment orientations of 121,632 valid Weibo posts, 49,402 posts were judged as positive emotions, accounting for approximately 40.6%; 47,667 were negative emotions, accounting for nearly 39.2%; and 24,563 were neutral emotions, accounting for about 20.2%. (3) The result of the analysis of the temporal trend of the seven categories of emotion attribution showed that fear kept decreasing, whereas good kept increasing. This study provides more insights into public perceptions of and attitudes toward emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results of this study may provide further recommendations for the Chinese government, public health authorities, and the media to promote knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 variant pandemic-resistant messages.

The experiences and lessons of China\'s response to COVID-19 have been described in several studies, but the mechanisms of the Chinese government\'s efforts to fight COVID-19 have not been well characterized. Despite strong policy directives and orders from the central government, the response and handling of the epidemic also reflected distinctive characteristics of local governments in terms of their governance systems and capacities. In this article, we analyze public health policies and mechanisms of the Chinese government\'s response to COVID-19 based on the integration of top-down and local governance. A compendium of key events and measures provides the foundation for our analysis. Mechanisms related to leadership, emergency response, centralized mobilization, and accountability fully reflect the decisive measures for top-down interventions in the face of emergencies. China\'s policies and mechanisms to address the COVID-19 pandemic are consistent with its party-state bureaucracy and socioeconomic context. However, lower levels of government have used \"repeated increments\" and \"one-size-fits-all\" practices in the implementation of antiepidemic policies. Conservative local officials are more averse to social innovation and favor strict controls to manage the pandemic. Moreover, even under a unified system, there are substantial differences in the capacity and level of crisis management among local governments, especially in the mobilization of nonprofit organizations and volunteers. In this case study, we aim to expand the existing understanding of the tension between top-down interventions and local governance innovations.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau provided updates on the novel coronavirus and the government\'s responses to the pandemic in his daily briefings from March 13 to May 22, 2020, delivered on the official Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) YouTube channel.
The aim of this study was to examine comments on Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau\'s COVID-19 daily briefings by YouTube users and track these comments to extract the changing dynamics of the opinions and concerns of the public over time.
We used machine learning techniques to longitudinally analyze a total of 46,732 English YouTube comments that were retrieved from 57 videos of Prime Minister Trudeau\'s COVID-19 daily briefings from March 13 to May 22, 2020. A natural language processing model, latent Dirichlet allocation, was used to choose salient topics among the sampled comments for each of the 57 videos. Thematic analysis was used to classify and summarize these salient topics into different prominent themes.
We found 11 prominent themes, including strict border measures, public responses to Prime Minister Trudeau\'s policies, essential work and frontline workers, individuals\' financial challenges, rental and mortgage subsidies, quarantine, government financial aid for enterprises and individuals, personal protective equipment, Canada and China\'s relationship, vaccines, and reopening.
This study is the first to longitudinally investigate public discourse and concerns related to Prime Minister Trudeau\'s daily COVID-19 briefings in Canada. This study contributes to establishing a real-time feedback loop between the public and public health officials on social media. Hearing and reacting to real concerns from the public can enhance trust between the government and the public to prepare for future health emergencies.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, growth in citizen engagement with social media platforms has enabled public health departments to accelerate and improve health information dissemination, developing transparency and trust between governments and citizens. In light of these benefits, it is imperative to learn the antecedents and underlying mechanisms for this to maintain and enhance engagement.
The aim of this study is to determine the factors and influencing mechanisms related to citizen engagement with the TikTok account of the National Health Commission of China during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Using a web crawler, 355 short videos were collected from the Healthy China account on TikTok (with more than 3 million followers throughout China), covering the period from January 21, 2020, to April 25, 2020. The title and video length, as well as the number of likes, shares, and comments were collected for each video. After classifying them using content analysis, a series of negative binomial regression analyses were completed.
Among the 355 videos, 154 (43.4%) related to guidance for clinicians, patients, and ordinary citizens, followed by information concerning the government\'s handling of the pandemic (n=100, 28.2%), the latest news about COVID-19 (n=61, 17.2%), and appreciation toward frontline emergency services (n=40, 11.3%). Video length, titles, dialogic loop, and content type all influenced the level of citizen engagement. Specifically, video length was negatively associated with the number of likes (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=0.19, P<.001) and comments (IRR=0.39, P<.001). Title length was positively related to the number of shares (IRR=24.25, P=.01), likes (IRR=8.50, P=.03), and comments (IRR=7.85, P=.02). Dialogic loop negatively predicted the number of shares (IRR=0.56, P=.03). In comparison to appreciative information, information about the government\'s handling of the situation (IRR=5.16, P<.001) and guidelines information (IRR=7.31, P<.001) were positively correlated with the number of shares, while the latest news was negatively related to the number of likes received (IRR=0.46, P=.004). More importantly, the relationship between predictors and citizen engagement was moderated by the emotional valence of video titles. Longer videos with positive titles received a higher number of likes (IRR=21.72, P=.04) and comments (IRR=10.14, P=.047). Furthermore, for short videos related to government handling of the pandemic (IRR=14.48, P=.04) and guidance for stakeholders (IRR=7.59, P=.04), positive titles received a greater number of shares. Videos related to the latest news (IRR=66.69, P=.04) received more likes if the video title displayed higher levels of positive emotion.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, videos were frequently published on government social media platforms. Video length, title, dialogic loop, and content type significantly influenced the level of citizen engagement. These relationships were moderated by the emotional valence of the video\'s title. Our findings have implications for maintaining and enhancing citizen engagement via government social media.

From 1927 to 1949, the National Government promulgated at least 74 epidemic-related acts and regulations, including 38 national acts and regulations issued by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of the Interior, the National Economic Commission and other central agencies, 5 industrial acts and regulations, and 31 acts and regulations issued by local governments. These acts and regulations make the epidemic prevention and control of the Republic of China gradually transition from socialization to legalization, thus laying the foundation of the legal system of modern epidemic prevention in China, and playing a positive role in promoting the modernization of epidemic prevention in China. At the same time, the epidemic-related acts and regulations of the Republic of China also show that they attach importance to quarantine of traffic ports, seasonal epidemic prevention, strengthen health and epidemic prevention in remote areas, and pay attention to health care, health and epidemic prevention personnel qualification assessment and guarantee, increase health and epidemic prevention technology application and research and development of the overall characteristics. However, due to the constraints of economic development, medical level, frequent wars and natural disasters, the epidemic-related acts and regulations promulgated during the period of the National Government have not been well implemented, but some of the characteristics of the epidemic-related acts and regulations have still played an important historical role in the humanistic principles, legislative adaptability, professionalism and scientific aspects under the background of the new era.
1927—1949年国民政府时期至少颁布了74种涉疫法规，其中由卫生部、内政部、全国经济委员会等中央机构颁行的全国性法规38种，行业性法规5种，地方政府颁行的法规31种。这些涉疫法规使得民国的疫病防治从社会化逐渐向法制化过渡，从而奠定了中国近代防疫法制体系的基础，对中国防疫事业近代化的推进起到了积极作用。同时，民国涉疫法规还呈现出重视交通海港检疫、关注季节性防疫、加强偏远地区的卫生防疫、注重卫生防疫人员资质考核与保障、加大卫生防疫技术应用与研发的总体特征。然而，由于受到经济发展、医疗水平、战乱频繁和自然灾害的制约，国民政府时期颁布的涉疫法规并未得到很好的贯彻和落实，但涉疫法规所表现出来的一些特征，却对当今新时代背景下，中国防疫法规立法在人本主义原则、立法适应性、专业性和科学性方面都有着重要的历史启示作用。.

暂无摘要。