饮食,作为营养的重要来源,对人类健康和疾病进展有着深远的影响。最近,饮食干预已成为有希望的辅助治疗策略,不仅对癌症,而且对神经退行性疾病,自身免疫性疾病,心血管疾病,和代谢紊乱。这些干预措施在调节新陈代谢方面表现出了巨大的潜力,疾病轨迹,和治疗反应。代谢重编程是恶性进展的标志,更深入地了解肿瘤中的这种现象及其对免疫调节的影响是阻碍癌症根除的重大挑战。膳食摄入量,作为一个关键的环境因素,可以影响肿瘤代谢。新的证据表明,饮食干预可能会影响肿瘤中的营养供应,从而提高癌症治疗的疗效。然而,饮食干预与癌症和其他疾病的发病机制之间复杂的相互作用是复杂的。尽管取得了令人鼓舞的结果,基于饮食的治疗策略的潜在机制仍未被探索,经常导致疾病管理中的利用不足。在这次审查中,我们的目标是阐明各种饮食干预的潜在影响,包括卡路里限制,禁食模仿饮食,生酮饮食,蛋白质限制饮食,高盐饮食,高脂肪饮食,和高纤维饮食,关于癌症和上述疾病。我们探讨了这些饮食干预措施的多方面影响,包括它们的免疫调节作用,其他生物影响,和潜在的分子机制。这篇综述为这些饮食干预在疾病管理中作为辅助疗法的潜在应用提供了有价值的见解。
Diet, serving as a vital source of nutrients, exerts a profound influence on human health and disease progression. Recently, dietary interventions have emerged as promising adjunctive treatment strategies not only for cancer but also for neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. These interventions have demonstrated substantial potential in modulating metabolism, disease trajectory, and therapeutic responses. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignant progression, and a deeper understanding of this phenomenon in tumors and its effects on immune regulation is a significant challenge that impedes cancer eradication. Dietary intake, as a key environmental factor, can influence tumor metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that dietary interventions might affect the nutrient availability in tumors, thereby increasing the efficacy of cancer treatments. However, the intricate interplay between dietary interventions and the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases is complex. Despite encouraging results, the mechanisms underlying diet-based therapeutic strategies remain largely unexplored, often resulting in underutilization in disease management. In this review, we aim to illuminate the potential effects of various dietary interventions, including calorie restriction, fasting-mimicking diet, ketogenic diet, protein restriction diet, high-salt diet, high-fat diet, and high-fiber diet, on cancer and the aforementioned diseases. We explore the multifaceted impacts of these dietary interventions, encompassing their immunomodulatory effects, other biological impacts, and underlying molecular mechanisms. This review offers valuable insights into the potential application of these dietary interventions as adjunctive therapies in disease management.