尽管它多年来广泛建立,氧化铁纳米颗粒(IONP)由于其生物相容性,仍然在生物医学领域引起广泛的兴趣,生物降解性,磁性和表面可调特性。IONP已经被用于核磁共振,磁瞄准,药物输送和各种疾病的热疗。然而,他们的稳定性差,低诊断敏感性和低疾病特异性导致不令人满意的诊断和治疗结果.具有生物相容性和胶体稳定组分的IONP的表面官能化似乎有望改善其循环和胶体稳定性。重要的是,通过指定功能组件的表面功能化,可以形成具有多个刺激-响应性的基于IONP的组件,以实现IONP到疾病部位的准确和有效递送,用于改进的疾病诊断和治疗。在这项工作中,我们首先描述了生物相容性和稳定的IONP组件的设计。Further,回顾了他们的刺激驱动的操纵策略。接下来,利用IONP组件进行疾病诊断,讨论了治疗和影像学引导治疗。然后,描述了IONP的潜在毒性及其临床用途。最后,评论了IONP组件的内在挑战和未来前景。这篇评论提供了对IONP程序集的最新见解,这可以激发研究人员对未来发展的多反应和疾病靶向纳米组装用于生物医学利用。
Despite its wide establishment over the years, iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) still draws extensive interest in the biomedical fields due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, magnetivity and surface tunable properties. IONP has been used for the MRI, magnetic targeting, drug delivery and hyperthermia of various diseases. However, their poor stability, low diagnostic sensitivity and low disease-specificity have resulted in unsatisfying diagnostic and therapeutic outputs. The surface functionalization of IONP with biocompatible and colloidally stable components appears to be promising to improve its circulation and colloidal stability. Importantly, through surface functionalization with designated functional components, IONP-based assemblies with multiple stimuli-responsivity could be formed to achieve an accurate and efficient delivery of IONP to disease sites for an improved disease diagnosis and therapy. In this work, we first described the design of biocompatible and stable IONP assemblies. Further, their stimuli-driven manipulation strategies are reviewed. Next, the utilization of IONP assemblies for disease diagnosis, therapy and imaging-guided therapy are discussed. Then, the potential toxicity of IONPs and their clinical usages are described. Finally, the intrinsic challenges and future outlooks of IONP assemblies are commented. This review provides recent insights into IONP assemblies, which could inspire researchers on the future development of multi-responsive and disease-targetable nanoassemblies for biomedical utilization.