水质参数(WQP)是反映水体环境质量最直观的指标。由于水体化学环境的复杂性和多变性,简单快速地检测水质的多个参数成为一项艰巨的任务。在本文中,光谱图像(称为SPI)和深度学习(DL)技术相结合,构建了一种用于WQP检测的智能方法。一种新型的光谱学仪器被用来获得SPIs,将其转换为水化学的特征图像,然后与深度卷积神经网络(CNN)组合以训练模型并预测WQP。结果表明,SPIs与DL相结合的方法具有较高的准确性和稳定性,和良好的预测结果,每个参数的平均相对误差(阴离子和阳离子,TOC,TP,TN,NO3--N,NH3-N)为1.3%,确定系数(R2)为0.996,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.1,残差预测偏差(RPD)为16.2,平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.067。该方法可实现快速、准确的高维水质多参数检测,具有预处理简单、成本低等优点。它不仅可以应用于环境水域的智能检测,但也有可能应用于化学领域,生物和医学领域。
Water quality parameters (WQP) are the most intuitive indicators of the environmental quality of water body. Due to the complexity and variability of the chemical environment of water body, simple and rapid detection of multiple parameters of water quality becomes a difficult task. In this paper, spectral images (named SPIs) and deep learning (DL) techniques were combined to construct an intelligent method for WQP detection. A novel spectroscopic instrument was used to obtain SPIs, which were converted into feature images of water chemistry and then combined with deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to train models and predict WQP. The results showed that the method of combining SPIs and DL has high accuracy and stability, and good prediction results with average relative error of each parameter (anions and cations, TOC, TP, TN, NO3--N, NH3-N) at 1.3%, coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.996, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1, residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 16.2, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.067. The method can achieve rapid and accurate detection of high-dimensional water quality multi-parameters, and has the advantages of simple pre-processing and low cost. It can be applied not only to the intelligent detection of environmental waters, but also has the potential to be applied in chemical, biological and medical fields.