本研究旨在探讨心血管药物与心血管疾病(CVD)患者抑郁/焦虑之间的关系。该荟萃分析已在PROSPERO(国际前瞻性系统评价登记册;CRD42020197839)中注册,并按照MOOSE(流行病学观察研究的荟萃分析)指南进行。PubMed,EMBASE,WebofScience,中国国家知识基础设施,万方,和VIP数据库进行了系统搜索,以确定有关该主题的所有可用研究。进行随机效应多变量元回归以调查研究异质性的来源。ReviewManager版本5.3和Stata12.0用于数据分析。这项荟萃分析包括54项研究,总人数为212651名患者。总的来说,在CVD患者中,阿司匹林(比值比[OR]:0.91,95%置信区间[CI]:0.86-0.96,P=0.02)与较低的抑郁风险相关,而钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)(OR:1.21,95CI:1.05-1.38,P=0.008),利尿剂(OR:1.34,95CI:1.14-1.58,P=0.0005),和硝酸酯(OR:1.32,95CI:1.08-1.61,P=0.006)与较高的抑郁症风险相关,此外,他汀类药物(OR:0.79,95CI:0.71-0.88,P<0.0001)与较低的焦虑风险相关,但利尿剂(OR:1.39,95CI:1.26-1.52,P<0.00001)与较高的焦虑风险相关。亚组分析表明,在高血压患者中,β受体阻滞剂与较高的抑郁风险相关(OR:1.45,95CI:1.26-1.67,P<0.00001);在冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者中,他汀类药物(OR:0.77,95CI:0.59-0.99,P=0.04),和阿司匹林(OR:0.85,95CI:0.75-0.97,P=0.02)与较低的抑郁风险相关,而CCB(OR:1.32,95CI:1.15-1.51,P<0.0001)和利尿剂(OR:1.36,95CI:1.12-1.64,P=0.002)与较高的抑郁风险相关,此外,利尿剂与较高的焦虑风险相关(OR:1.41,95CI:1.28-1.55,P<0.00001);在心力衰竭患者中,硝酸酯(OR:1.93,95CI:1.19-3.13,P=0.007),利尿剂(OR:1.58,95CI:1.02-2.43,P=0.04)与较高的抑郁风险相关。在评估CVD患者的抑郁或焦虑时,应考虑使用心血管药物,以改善这些患者的护理和治疗。
This study aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular drugs and depression/anxiety in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; CRD42020197839) and conducted in accordance with the MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science,
China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases were systematically searched to identify all available studies on this topic. Random-effects multivariate meta-regression was performed to investigate the sources of study heterogeneity. Review Manager version 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used for data analyses. This meta-analysis included 54 studies with a total number of 212651 patients. Overall, in patients with CVD, aspirin (odds ratio [OR]:0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.86-0.96, P=0.02) was associated with a lower risk of depression, while calcium channel blockers (CCB) (OR:1.21, 95%CI:1.05-1.38, P=0.008), diuretics (OR:1.34, 95%CI:1.14-1.58, P=0.0005), and nitrate esters (OR:1.32, 95%CI:1.08-1.61, P=0.006) were associated with a higher risk of depression, additionally, statin (OR:0.79, 95%CI:0.71-0.88, P<0.0001) was associated with a lower risk of anxiety, but diuretics (OR:1.39, 95%CI:1.26-1.52, P<0.00001) was associated with a higher risk of anxiety. Subgroup analysis presented that, in patients with hypertension, β-blockers were associated with a higher risk of depression (OR:1.45, 95%CI:1.26-1.67, P<0.00001); in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), statin (OR:0.77, 95%CI:0.59-0.99, P=0.04), and aspirin (OR:0.85, 95%CI:0.75-0.97, P=0.02) were associated with a lower risk of depression, while CCB (OR:1.32, 95%CI:1.15-1.51, P<0.0001) and diuretics (OR:1.36, 95%CI:1.12-1.64, P=0.002) were associated with a higher risk of depression, additionally, diuretics was associated with a higher risk of anxiety (OR:1.41, 95%CI:1.28-1.55, P<0.00001); in patients with heart failure, nitrate esters (OR:1.93, 95%CI:1.19-3.13, P=0.007), and diuretics (OR:1.58, 95%CI: 1.02-2.43, P=0.04) were associated with a higher risk of depression. The use of cardiovascular drugs should be considered when evaluating depression or anxiety in patients with CVD to improve the care and treatment of these patients.