UNASSIGNED: Dexmedetomidine (Dex) may have anti-inflammatory properties and potentially reduce the incidence of postoperative organ injury.
UNASSIGNED: To investigate whether Dex protects pulmonary and renal function via its anti-inflammatory effects in elderly patients undergoing prolonged major hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.
UNASSIGNED: Between October 2019 and December 2020, this randomized controlled trial was carried out at a tertiary hospital in Chongqing, China.
UNASSIGNED: 86 patients aged 60-75 who underwent long-duration (> 4 hrs) hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery without significant comorbidities were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups at a 1:1 ratio.
UNASSIGNED: Patients were given either Dex or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline (Placebo) with a loading dose of 1 μg kg-1 for 10 min, followed by 0.5 μg kg-1 hr-1 for maintenance until the end of surgery.
UNASSIGNED: The changes in serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were primary outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: At one hour postoperatively, serum IL-6 displayed a nine-fold increase (P<0.05) in the Placebo group. Administration of Dex decreased IL-6 to 278.09 ± 45.43 pg/mL (95% CI: 187.75 to 368.43) compared to the Placebo group (P=0.019; 432.16 ± 45.43 pg/mL, 95% CI: 341.82 to 522.50). However, no significant differences in TNF-α were observed between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury was twice as high in the Placebo group (9.30%) compared to the Dex group (4.65%), and the incidence of postoperative acute lung injury was 23.26% in the Dex group, lower than that in the Placebo group (30.23%), although there was no statistical significance between the two groups.
UNASSIGNED: Dex administration in elderly patients undergoing major hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery reduces inflammation and potentially protects kidneys and lungs.
UNASSIGNED: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, identifier: ChiCTR1900024162, on 28 June 2019.

OBJECTIVE: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a common hepatobiliary infection that has been shown to have an increasing incidence, with biliary surgery being identified as a trigger. Our aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatments of PLA patients with and without a history of biliary surgery (BS).
METHODS: The study included a total of 353 patients with PLA who received treatment at our hospital between January 2014 and February 2023. These patients were categorized into two groups: the BS group (n = 91) and the non-BS group (n = 262). In the BS group, according to the anastomosis method, they were further divided into bilioenteric anastomoses group (BEA, n = 22) and non-bilioenteric anastomoses group (non-BEA, n = 69). Clinical characteristics were recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS: The percentage of PLA patients with BS history was 25.78%. The BS group exhibited elevated levels of TBIL and activated APTT abnormalities (P = 0.009 and P = 0.041, respectively). Within the BS group, the BEA subgroup had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001) and solitary abscesses (P = 0.008) compared to the non-BEA subgroup. Escherichia coli was more frequently detected in the BS group, as evidenced by positive pus cultures (P = 0.021). The BS group exhibited reduced treatment efficacy compared to those non-BS history (P = 0.020). Intriguingly, the BS group received a higher proportion of conservative treatment (45.05% vs. 21.76%), along with reduced utilization of surgical drainage (6.59% vs. 16.41%).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BS history, especially those who have undergone BEA, have an increased susceptibility to PLA formation without affecting prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Sex, in the sense of gender, is a major social demographic characteristic that has been shown to affect health care outcomes. The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an effective perioperative management measure that can reduce the perioperative stress response in patients. However, there are few studies on the differences between male and female patients under this type of care. We aimed to analyze sex differences in clinical characteristics among patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery with accelerated rehabilitation.
METHODS: We enrolled patients who underwent liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder operations in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China, from April 2021 to July 2021. Key measures were collected for patients undergoing perioperative accelerated rehabilitation (i.e., the case group). The study group was assembled by performing 1:1 matching for age, sex, chronic disease, and type of surgery. Postoperative risk assessment, postoperative recovery indicators, and postoperative length of hospital stay (days) were compared between male and female patients.
RESULTS: A total of 226 surgical patients were enrolled, including 109 male (48.23%) and 117 female patients (51.77%). The outcomes, presented as the median (min, max), were as follows: pulmonary rehabilitation risk assessment in females (1(0,3)) and males (0(0,2)), postoperative nausea and vomiting in females (2(1,3)) and males (1(0,2)), and time to first defecation in females (31(4,61)) and males (36(10,78)). Significant differences were indicated by p values < 0.05.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified sex differences in the clinical prognosis and performance of perioperative patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery with accelerated rehabilitation. The perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation risk of male patients was higher than that of female patients, and the time to first defecation was longer in male than in female patients. The incidence of nausea and vomiting in women was higher than in men.

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OBJECTIVE: A new simulation model and training curriculum for laparoscopic bilioenteric anastomosis has been developed. Currently, this concept lacks evidence for the transfer of skills from simulation to clinical settings. This study was conducted to determine whether training with a three-dimensional (3D) bilioenteric anastomosis model result in greater transfer of skills than traditional training methods involving video observation and a general suture model.
METHODS: Fifteen general surgeons with no prior experience in laparoscopic biliary-enteric anastomosis were included in this study and randomised into three training groups: video observation only, practice using a general suture model, and practice using a 3D-printed biliary-enteric anastomosis model. Following five training sessions, each surgeon was asked to perform a laparoscopic biliary-enteric anastomosis procedure on an isolated swine organ model. The operative time and performance scores of the procedure were recorded and compared among the three training groups.
RESULTS: The operation time in the 3D-printed model group was significantly shorter than the suture and video observation groups ( P =0.040). Furthermore, the performance score of the 3D-printed model group was significantly higher than those of the suture and video observation groups ( P =0.001). Finally, the goal score for laparoscopic biliary-enteric anastomosis in the isolated swine organ model was significantly higher in the 3D model group than in the suture and video observation groups ( P =0.004).
CONCLUSIONS: The utilisation of a novel 3D-printed model for simulation training in laparoscopic biliary-enteric anastomosis facilitates improved skill acquisition and transferability to an animal setting compared with traditional training techniques.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an improved overlength biliary stent in the treatment of bile duct stricture. Methods: Prospective randomized controlled study. Patients with bile duct stricture in Peking University International Hospital from February 2016 to June 2021 were randomly divided into the conventional plastic biliary stents (CPBS) group and the improved overlength biliary stents (IOBS) group by envelope random method. CPBS or IOBS were placed after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) breast catheterization was successfully conducted and the stenosis length was determined by angiography. The incidence of postoperative complications, median patency time of postoperative stent and reoperation rate within 6 months were compared between the two groups, Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and log-rank test was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IOBS in the treatment of bile duct stricture. Results: A total of 90 patients were included. There were 45 patients in IOBS group, including 28 males and 17 females, aged (67.2±11.7) years. There were 45 patients in CPBS group, including 26 males and 19 females, aged (64.6±14.4) years. The patients in the both groups were balanced and comparable. There were no significant differences in success rate of operation, operation time, hospitalization time, operation cost and prospective complication rate between the two groups (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the changes of liver function index before and 72 hours after operation between the two groups (both P>0.05). The median patency time of stents in IOBS group was longer than that in CPBS group [M(Q1, Q3), 201(155,246) vs 109(55,167) d, P=0.002].The IOBS group had lower reoperation rate than the CPBS group within 6 months [46.2% (18/39) vs 78.9%(30/38), P=0.003]. Conclusion: IOBS has good safety in the treatment of bile duct stricture and the clinical efficacy is superior to CPBS.
目的： 评估一种改良超长胆管支架治疗胆管狭窄的疗效及安全性。 方法： 前瞻性随机对照研究。将2016年2月至2021年6月于北京大学国际医院确诊为胆管狭窄的患者采用信封随机法分为放置传统塑料胆管支架（CPBS）组和放置改良超长胆管支架（IOBS）组，在内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）乳头插管成功并经造影确定狭窄长度后，分别放置CPBS或IOBS。比较2组患者术后并发症的发生率、术后支架中位通畅时间和6个月内再次手术率等情况，采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，并行log-rank检验，评价IOBS在治疗胆管狭窄中的安全性及有效性。 结果： 共纳入90例患者，IOBS组45例，男28例，女17例，年龄（67.2±11.7）岁；CPBS组45例，男26例，女19例，年龄（64.6±14.4）岁，2组患者均衡可比。2组患者手术成功率、操作时间、住院时间、手术费用、术后并发症发生率间的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。2组患者术前与术后72 h肝功能指标变化值间的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。IOBS组支架中位通畅时间长于CPBS组［M（Q1，Q3），201（155，246）比109（55，167）d，P=0.002］。6个月内再次手术率IOBS组低于CPBS组［46.2%（18/39）比78.9%（30/38），P=0.003］。 结论： IOBS治疗胆管狭窄安全性良好，临床疗效优于CPBS。.

Iatrogenic biliary stricture is a serious complication after biliary surgery. It can cause recurrent cholangitis, bile duct stones, cholestatic cirrhosis, and even liver failure. The overall effect of traditional surgery is satisfactory, but there are also shortcomings such as large trauma, high difficulty of surgery and poor acceptance of patients. With the development of endoscopic minimally invasive technology, choledochoscopy and duodenoscopy have become important treatment methods for iatrogenic biliary stricture, with the advantages of small trauma, high safety and strong repeatability. How to give full play to the advantages of endoscopic therapy, improve the success rate of stenosis treatment and reduce the recurrence rate is still a topic worthy of discussion.
医源性胆管狭窄是胆道术后的一种严重并发症，可引起胆管炎、胆管结石、胆汁淤积性肝硬化，甚至肝功能衰竭。传统外科手术总体效果令人满意，但是也存在创伤大、手术难度高及患者接受度差等不足。随着内镜微创技术的发展，胆道镜和十二指肠镜已成为医源性胆管狭窄的重要治疗手段，具有创伤小、安全性高、可重复性强等优点。如何充分发挥内镜治疗的优势，提高狭窄治疗的成功率并降低复发率，仍是值得探讨的议题。.

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