该研究评估了食物垃圾中微生物群落和抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的发生和分布,厌氧消化,和水稻土样本,揭示了ARGs的潜在宿主和影响其分布的因素。共鉴定出24个细菌门,其中16个由所有样本共享,与Firmicutes,拟杆菌,放线菌,和变形菌占总细菌群落的65.9-92.3%。Firmicutes是食物垃圾和消化物样品中最丰富的细菌,占总微生物群落的33-83%。然而,在带有消化物的水稻土样品中,变形杆菌的相对丰度最高,为38-60%。Further,在食物垃圾和消化物样本中检测到22种ARGs,使用多种药物,大环内酯-林可沙胺-链脲酶(MLS),杆菌肽,氨基糖苷类,四环素,万古霉素,磺酰胺,利福霉素抗性基因是所有样本中最丰富和共有的。食物垃圾中ARGs的总相对丰度最高,digestate,分别于2020年1月、2020年5月、2019年10月和2020年5月在样品中检测到无消化物和有消化物的土壤。MLS,万古霉素,四环素,氨基糖苷类,和磺酰胺抗性基因在食物垃圾和厌氧消化样品中具有较高的相对丰度,而多种药物,细菌素,喹诺酮,水稻土中利福平抗性基因较为丰富。冗余分析表明氨基糖苷,四环素,磺酰胺,利福霉素抗性基因与餐厨垃圾和消化物样品的总氨氮和pH呈正相关。万古霉素,多种药物,杆菌肽,而膦霉素抗性基因与钾呈正相关,水分,和土壤样品中的有机质。使用网络分析研究了ARG亚型与细菌属的共存。放线菌,变形杆菌,拟杆菌,和酸杆菌被鉴定为多药耐药基因的潜在宿主。
The study assessed the occurrence and distribution of microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in food waste, anaerobic digestate, and paddy soil samples, and revealed the potential hosts of ARGs and factors influencing their distribution. A total of 24 bacterial phyla were identified, of which 16 were shared by all samples, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria accounting for 65.9-92.3 % of the total bacterial community. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacteria in food waste and digestate samples, accounting for 33-83 % of the total microbial community. However, in paddy soil samples with digestate, Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance of 38-60 %. Further, 22 ARGs were detected in food waste and digestate samples, with multidrug, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS),
bacitracin, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, vancomycin, sulfonamide, and rifamycin resistance genes being the most abundant and shared by all samples. The highest total relative abundance of ARGs in food waste, digestate, and soil without and with digestate was detected in samples from January 2020, May 2020, October 2019, and May 2020, respectively. The MLS, vancomycin, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and sulfonamide resistance genes had higher relative abundance in food waste and anaerobic digestate samples, whereas multidrug, bacteriocin, quinolone, and rifampin resistance genes were more abundant in paddy soil samples. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that aminoglycoside, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and rifamycin resistance genes were positively correlated with total ammonia nitrogen and pH of food waste and digestate samples. Vancomycin, multidrug,
bacitracin, and fosmidomycin resistance genes had positive correlations with potassium, moisture, and organic matter in soil samples. The co-occurrence of ARG subtypes with bacterial genera was investigated using network analysis. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria were identified as potential hosts of multidrug resistance genes.