有据可查的是,颞叶上皮层的听觉系统负责处理基本的听觉声音特征,如声音频率和强度,而前额叶皮层参与更高阶的听觉功能,如语言处理和听觉情景记忆。颞叶听觉皮层对前额叶听觉皮层有巨大的前向解剖学投射,与横向连接,中间,和前额叶皮质的眼眶部分。因此,听觉皮层和前额叶皮层之间的连接有助于定位,承认,理解外听输入。此外,内侧前额叶皮层(MPFC)被认为是情景记忆检索的核心区域,是默认模式网络(DMN)中最重要的区域之一.然而,先前关于基本听觉处理和听觉情景记忆检索之间的比较的神经证据主要来自fMRI研究。这两个听觉功能背后的特定神经网络和神经元振荡的相应临界频带仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们报道了1例耐药性癫痫患者在立体脑电图(SEEG)记录期间直接皮质刺激的结果.电极覆盖颞上回,两侧半球的皮和脑岛皮层,前额叶皮层,顶叶,前扣带皮质和中扣带皮质,和左半球的杏仁核.直接皮层刺激诱发两种类型的幻听,与习惯性癫痫发作一致。噪音幻觉,即,“我可以听到嗡嗡作响的声音在我的头上,“是由颞上回的刺激引起的。情景记忆幻觉“我能听到一个穿着红色裙子的年轻女子说:你怎么了?,“是由MPFC的刺激引起的。病人描述了她年轻时是如何认识这个年轻女子的,那个女子对她说了同样的话。此外,通过分析直接电刺激引起的高伽马功率(HGP),这两种类型的幻听背后的两个可分离的神经网络被定位.一起来看,本结果通过显示主要听觉皮层与听觉皮层的不同参与来证实听觉信息的分层处理。前额叶皮层中的两种类型的幻听。
It has been well documented that the auditory system in the superior temporal cortex is responsible for processing basic auditory sound features, such as sound frequency and intensity, while the prefrontal cortex is involved in higher-order auditory functions, such as language processing and auditory episodic memory. The temporal auditory cortex has vast forward anatomical projections to the prefrontal auditory cortex, connecting with the lateral, medial, and orbital parts of the prefrontal cortex. The connections between the auditory cortex and the prefrontal cortex thus help in localizing, recognizing, and comprehending external auditory inputs. In addition, the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is believed to be a core region of episodic memory retrieval and is one of the most important regions in the default mode network (DMN). However, previous neural evidence with regard to the comparison between basic auditory processing and auditory episodic memory retrieval mainly comes from fMRI studies. The specific neural networks and the corresponding critical frequency bands of neuronal oscillations underlying the two auditory functions remain unclear. In the present study, we reported results of direct cortical stimulations during stereo-electro-encephalography (SEEG) recording in a patient with drug-resistant epilepsy. Electrodes covered the superior temporal gyrus, the operculum and the insula cortex of bilateral hemispheres, the prefrontal cortex, the parietal lobe, the anterior and middle cingulate cortex, and the amygdala of the left hemisphere. Two types of auditory hallucinations were evoked with direct cortical stimulations, which were consistent with the habitual seizures. The noise hallucinations, i.e., \"I could hear buzzing noises in my head,\" were evoked with the stimulation of the superior temporal gyrus. The episodic memory hallucinations \"I could hear a young woman who was dressed in a red skirt saying: What is the matter with you?,\" were evoked with the stimulation of MPFC. The patient described how she had met this young woman when she was young and that the woman said the same sentence to her. Furthermore, by analyzing the high gamma power (HGP) induced by direct electrical stimulation, two dissociable neural networks underlying the two types of auditory hallucinations were localized. Taken together, the present results confirm the hierarchical processing of auditory information by showing the different involvements of the primary auditory cortex vs. the prefrontal cortex in the two types of auditory hallucinations.