目的:早期评估无症状成人高血糖患者的β细胞功能障碍对及时预防糖尿病具有重要意义。本研究旨在使用体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)评估胰腺的功能变化,并确定其是否可用作评估β细胞功能障碍的非侵入性方法。
方法:本前瞻性队列研究于2022年8月至2022年11月在暨南大学附属广东省第二总医院进行。纳入三组并接受IVIM-DWI:确诊为2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者;无症状成人高血糖患者;和糖耐量正常(NGT)的志愿者。获得成像参数:表观扩散系数(ADC),真实扩散系数(Dt),伪扩散系数(Dp),和灌注分数(f)。通过血液检查计算β细胞功能指标:复合胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI),60分钟胰岛素生成指数(IGI60),和处置指数(DI)。我们比较了三组的影像学参数,计算了它们区分不同群体的诊断性能,并使用组内相关系数(ICC)评估它们的可重复性。
结果:各组间除f外的成像参数逐渐降低,ADC差异有统计学意义(p<0.0001),Dt(p<0.0001),和Dp(p=0.013)。Dt表现出区分无症状患者与NGT的最佳诊断性能(曲线下面积[AUC]=0.815,p<0.0001)。IVIM-DWI参数与复合ISI和DI相关,其中,Dt与DI的相关性最高(Pearson相关系数[r]=0.546,p<0.0001)。IVIM-DWI参数的ICC非常好,Dt最高(观察者间ICC=0.938,95%置信区间[CI],0.899-0.963;观察者ICC=0.941,95%CI,0.904-0.965)。
结论:IVIM-DWI是一种非侵入性定量方法,可鉴定胰腺中的β细胞功能障碍。
OBJECTIVE: Early evaluation of β-cell dysfunction of hyperglycemic patients in asymptomatic adults would be valuable for timely prevention of the diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate functional changes in the pancreas using intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and determine whether it could be used as a non-invasive method of assessing β-cell dysfunction.
METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2022 to November 2022 in Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital. Three groups were enrolled and underwent IVIM-DWI: confirmed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM); hyperglycemic patients in asymptomatic adults; and the volunteers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Imaging parameters were obtained: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the true diffusion coefficient (Dt), the pseudo-diffusion coefficient (Dp), and the perfusion fraction (f). The β-cell function indexes were calculated from blood examinations: composite insulin sensitivity index (ISI), 60-min insulinogenic index (IGI60), and the disposition index (DI). We compared imaging parameters among three groups, calculated the diagnostic performance of them for differentiating different groups, and the reproducibility of them was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
RESULTS: The imaging parameters except f gradually decreased among the groups with significant differences for ADC (p < 0.0001), Dt (p < 0.0001), and Dp (p = 0.013). Dt demonstrated the best diagnostic performance for differentiating asymptomatic patients from NGT (Area Under Curve [AUC] = 0.815, p < 0.0001). IVIM-DWI parameters correlated with composite ISI and DI, of which, Dt has the highest correlation with DI (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.546, p < 0.0001). The ICC of IVIM-DWI parameters was very good, Dt was highest (Interobserver ICC = 0.938, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.899-0.963; Intraobserver ICC = 0.941, 95% CI, 0.904-0.965).
CONCLUSIONS: IVIM-DWI is a non-invasive quantitative method that can identify β-cell dysfunction in the pancreas.