益生元和益生菌补充剂和酸奶消费(益生菌食品)改变肠道微生物多样性,这可能会影响结直肠癌的发生。本系统综述评估了有关这些营养补充剂和酸奶消费对成年人结直肠肿瘤发病率的影响的现有文献。我们在没有基线胃肠道疾病的年龄≥18岁的成年人中系统地确定了10项随机对照试验和观察性研究。益生元包括菊粉,低聚果糖,低聚半乳糖,低聚木糖,异麦芽寡糖,和β-葡聚糖。益生菌包括乳酸菌菌株,双歧杆菌,酵母菌,链球菌,肠球菌,芽孢杆菌,片球菌,明串珠菌,和大肠杆菌。合生元补充剂,益生元和益生菌补充剂的混合物,还有酸奶,通常食用的活微生物的饮食来源,也包括在内。我们将结直肠肿瘤定义为结直肠腺瘤,无柄锯齿状息肉,结直肠癌(CRC)。总的来说,研究结果表明,与低摄入或不摄入酸奶相比,高摄入酸奶可适度降低腺瘤和CRC的风险.益生元补充与结直肠肿瘤形成风险无关。有一些证据表明,益生菌补充剂可能与腺瘤的风险较低有关,但与CRC发生率无关。较高的酸奶消费量可能与较低的结直肠肿瘤发生率有关。我们发现几乎没有证据表明益生元或益生菌补充剂与CRC发生率的显著降低相关。
Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation and
yogurt consumption (a probiotic food) alter gut microbial diversity, which may influence colorectal carcinogenesis. This systematic
review evaluates the existing literature on the effect of these nutritional supplements and
yogurt consumption on colorectal neoplasia incidence among adults. We systematically identified ten randomized controlled trials and observational studies in adults age ≥ 18 without baseline gastrointestinal disease. Prebiotics included inulin, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, and β-glucans. Probiotics included bacterial strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Escherichia coli. Synbiotic supplements, a mixture of both prebiotic and probiotic supplements, and
yogurt, a commonly consumed dietary source of live microbes, were also included. We defined colorectal neoplasia as colorectal adenomas, sessile serrated polyps, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Overall, findings suggest a moderate decrease in risk of adenoma and CRC for high levels of yogurt consumption compared to low or no consumption. Prebiotic supplementation was not associated with colorectal neoplasia risk. There was some evidence that probiotic supplementation may be associated with lower risk of adenomas but not with CRC incidence. Higher
yogurt consumption may be associated with lower incidence of colorectal neoplasia. We found little evidence to suggest that prebiotic or probiotic supplements are associated with significant decreases in CRC occurrence.