长期暴露于室内挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)可导致多种不良反应,包括癌症。我们审查了2010年至2023年期间发布的欧盟(EU)成员国办公室以及住宅和教育建筑中挥发性有机化合物水平的报告。我们使用这些数据来评估人口健康的风险,通过估计终身暴露于室内VOC和由此产生的非癌症和癌症风险,由此,可归因于VOC暴露和相关经济损失的癌症负担。我们的系统审查确定了1783篇文章,其中184项进行了详细检查,58个产生相关数据。在分别合并欧盟国家和建筑类型的VOC浓度数据后,我们使用概率蒙特卡罗模拟以风险商和终生超额癌症风险(LECR)评估了非癌症和癌症风险.LECR用于估计VOC相关癌症的残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)和相关成本。我们发现,在法国和德国,与甲醛接触相关的LECR高于可接受的风险水平(ARL),而在西班牙女性中,与苯接触的LECR也高于ARL。暴露于乙醛的DALYs和相关成本之和/1,000,000人口/年,苯,甲醛,四氯乙烯,和三氯乙烯分别为4.02和41,010欧元,在法国,那些暴露于乙醛的人,苯,四氯化碳,甲醛,三氯乙烯在德国分别为3.91和39,590欧元,在西班牙,暴露于苯的比例为0.1和1030欧元。作为一个整体,这些发现表明,室内暴露于VOCs仍然是欧盟的公共卫生问题。尽管欧盟对某些挥发性有机化合物设定了限制,需要采取进一步措施限制这些化学品在消费品中的使用。
Chronic exposure to indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can result in several adverse effects including cancers. We
review reports of levels of VOCs in offices and in residential and educational buildings in the member states of the European Union (EU) published between 2010 and 2023. We use these data to assess the risk to population health by estimating lifetime exposure to indoor VOCs and resulting non-cancer and cancer risks and, from that, the burden of cancer attributable to VOC exposure and associated economic losses. Our systematic
review identified 1783 articles, of which 184 were examined in detail, with 58 yielding relevant data. After combining data on VOC concentrations separately for EU countries and building types, non-cancer and cancer risks were assessed in terms of hazard quotient and lifetime excess cancer risk (LECR) using probabilistic Monte Carlo Simulations. The LECR was used to estimate disability adjusted life years (DALYs) from VOC-related cancers and associated costs. We find that the LECR associated with formaldehyde exposure was above the acceptable risk level (ARL) in France and Germany and that of from exposure to benzene was also above the ARL in Spanish females. The sum of DALYs and related costs/1,000,000 population/year from exposure to acetaldehyde, benzene, formaldehyde, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene were 4.02 and €41,010, respectively, in France, those from exposure to acetaldehyde, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, formaldehyde, and trichloroethylene were 3.91 and €39,590 in Germany, and those from exposure to benzene were 0.1 and €1030 in Spain. Taken as a whole, these findings show that indoor exposure to VOCs remains a public health concern in the EU. Although the EU has set limits for certain VOCs, further measures are needed to restrict the use of these chemicals in consumer products.