食物成分作为药物的作用是健康和肥胖的重要考虑因素。维生素C作为小分子抗氧化剂,但也是参与健康体重和能量代谢的许多过渡金属依赖性酶的辅助因子。维生素C不能由人类制造,主要来自新鲜水果和蔬菜的饮食摄入。在推荐的维生素C每日摄入量中,不同的营养指南之间存在很大差异。维生素C缺乏症是由于摄入含维生素C的食物不足以及氧化和羰基应激的利用增加所致。维生素C缺乏的危险因素包括吸烟,营养不良,肥胖,2型糖尿病,年龄,种族,性别,社会孤立,大手术,和西式饮食。尽管人们普遍认为维生素C缺乏在富裕国家很少见,对大量人群和特定患者群体的调查表明,情况并非如此。肥胖患者通常消耗高度加工,富含能量的食物,含有不足的微量营养素。随着肥胖的增加,为了达到足够的血浆和组织浓度,需要大量的口服维生素C,与体重健康的人相比。这对于控制氧化应激和维持体内平衡和器官功能是重要的。在这篇叙述性评论中,剂量,吸收,分布,排泄,并对维生素C的分解代谢进行了综述,以及肥胖患者维生素C药理学的最新发现。
The role of food constituents as pharmacological agents is an important consideration in health and obesity. Vitamin C acts as a small molecule antioxidant but is also a co-factor for numerous transition metal-dependent enzymes involved in healthy weight and energy metabolism. Vitamin C cannot be manufactured by humans and is mainly obtained from the dietary intake of fresh fruit and vegetables. There is great variability between different nutritional guidelines in the recommended daily allowance of vitamin C. Vitamin C deficiency results from an inadequate intake of vitamin C-containing foods and also increased utilization by oxidative and carbonyl stress. Risk factors for vitamin C deficiency include cigarette smoking, malnutrition, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, age, race, sex, social isolation, major surgery, and Western-type diets. Despite the common belief that vitamin C deficiency is rare in affluent countries, surveys of large populations and specific patient groups suggest otherwise. Patients with obesity typically consume highly processed, energy-dense foods which contain inadequate micronutrients. As obesity increases, larger amounts of oral vitamin C are required to achieve adequate plasma and tissue concentrations, as compared to persons with a healthy weight. This is important in the control of oxidative stress and the maintenance of homeostasis and organ function. In this narrative
review, the dosage, absorption, distribution, excretion, and catabolism of vitamin C are reviewed, together with the latest findings on vitamin C pharmacology in patients with obesity.