A labyrinthine fistula is a severe complication of middle ear cholesteatoma that can cause profound sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo. However, there is no consensus regarding the transition to postoperative hearing. Although hearing deteriorates gradually with a delay in some cases of labyrinthine fistula, insufficient consideration has been given to this point. We examined perioperative changes in cases of middle ear cholesteatoma with labyrinthine fistulas. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 578 patients with middle ear cholesteatoma who underwent tympanoplasty at our hospital between 2016 and 2021. Patients with labyrinthine fistulas were selected; their perioperative bone-conduction hearing was assessed. Fistula depth was determined following the classification reported by Dornhoffer et al. The hearing was compared preoperatively, early postoperatively (3-6 months), and 1 year postoperatively. Forty-eight patients (8.3%) had labyrinthine fistulas. Regarding depth, 21 cases were type I, 14 were type IIa, 3 were type IIb, and 10 were type III. Preoperative bone-conduction hearing was significantly poor in invasion type IIb or deeper cases. Cases with type IIb or deeper fistulas, multiple fistulas, or vertigo deteriorated postoperatively. Type III cases or those with multiple fistulas deteriorated further from the early postoperative period to 1 year postoperatively. Concerning frequency, 500 and 2000 Hz showed a delayed deterioration. This is a valuable report of delayed hearing loss after surgery in patients with a labyrinthine fistula. This change is associated with the labyrinthine fistula\'s depth and multiple fistulas-this is important during preoperative counseling of patients undergoing surgery.

Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS), also known as \"the sickness of disembarkment,\" is characterized by a persistent bobbing, rocking, or swaying sensation reported by patients long after they have completed travel on a boat or other forms of extended transportation. A detailed patient history, focusing on specific inquiries about recent boat or ship travel, is crucial for a timely diagnosis. The syndrome is unique in that reintroducing similar movements, such as driving, swinging, or returning to the boat, alleviates symptoms temporarily. We describe the case history of a 28-year-old male who experienced a persistent illusion of ground movement for six months following a fishing expedition. The patient reported alleviated symptoms when re-exposed to movements such as driving or swinging. The patient had undergone extensive medical workups and imaging tests under multiple physicians before being diagnosed with MdDS. MdDS is a commonly misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, unreported, and unrecognized condition. Diagnosing MdDS requires a detailed medical and travel history, accompanying an understanding that the symptoms improve upon re-exposure to the same or similar motion.

Determination of the normative data of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex gain using VHIT of all three semicircular canals (anterior, posterior, horizontal) on both sides in different age groups is of interest. This is an observational study comprised of 10 healthy individuals in each decade from less than 10 years to 80 years of both sexes making a total of 80. The study was done using the equipment SYNAPSYS VHIT ULMER with Software EVOLUTION 3.0. Mean VOR gain of each decade for all the semicircular canals is calculated and they are compared using ANOVA (Analysis of variance). In our study, percentage of patients with overt saccades is nil. Hence, in our study, the occurrence of covert saccades was insignificant as compared to the above studies. Age dependent VOR gain in normal individuals did not have any significance in our study of 80 patients performed by video head impulse test. VOR gain in our study is not affected by age. Normative data for different age groups obtained compared among different age groups showing no significant difference in Mean VOR gain. The normative values of VOR gain can be compared to patients with dizziness thus helping in determining any vestibular loss.

UNASSIGNED: Exploring the auditory and vestibular manifestations associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been growing in recent years. Understanding these complaints in CKD patients is crucial for comprehensive patient care. This review aimed to investigate the audiological findings and profiles across various stages of CKD and guide for informed decision-making in their management.
UNASSIGNED: Relevant articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO Medline, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Clinical Key were identified for review. The selected articles were published from 2008 to 2023 and written in English language. A total of 41 articles on auditory and vestibular assessments in CKD were eligible for review.
UNASSIGNED: Pure tone audiometry (PTA), immittance audiometry (IA) and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) were the most commonly employed hearing tests respectively, with a higher frequency of utilization in hemodialysis cases compared to non-hemodialysis ones. Also, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) emerged as the most popular vestibular test among hemodialysis patients while questionnaires were frequently employed in CKD patients. Moreover, our analysis suggests a potential association between the duration of hemodialysis and the development of tinnitus and vertigo. Abnormalities were also observed in auditory brainstem response (ABR), speech audiometry, central auditory processing tests and videonystagmography (VNG) assessment in hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis patients.
UNASSIGNED: CKD patients, particularly those undergoing hemodialysis, face a higher risk of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular complaints. Performing otoacoustic emissions and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials along with PTA on CKD patients, regardless of the disease stage is recommended to more effective management of audiovestibular complaints in these population.

BACKGROUND:  Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition that may be associated with dysfunction in the central nervous system.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the vestibulo-spinal reflex (VSR) and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in FMS using the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) tests, respectively, and to evaluate their relation to disease severity.
METHODS:  This study included 30 female FMS patients and 30 well-matched healthy controls. They underwent full history taking and assessment of the severity of dizziness/vertigo using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory; assessment of the severity of FMS symptoms using the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; bedside examination of the dizzy patient; videonystagmography, cVEMP, and oVEMP tests; basic audiologic evaluation; and uncomfortable loudness level (UCL) testing.
RESULTS:  Dizziness was reported in 46.6% and vertigo in 11.1% of patients. Abnormalities in cVEMP (50%) and oVEMP (63.3%) were mostly unilateral, irrespective of FMS severity. Disease duration affected only the oVEMP amplitude. Fibromyalgia syndrome patients had a statistically significant lower UCL and narrower dynamic range compared to controls.
CONCLUSIONS:  The VSR and VOR are commonly affected in FMS patients, and findings suggest central sensitization involving the brain stem. We recommend routine cVEMP and oVEMP testing to assess brainstem function in FMS patients.

The issuing of International Classification of Vestibular Disorders（ICVD） by Brny society（2015） greatly facilitates the progress of vestibular medicine. The syndromic classification of vestibular disorders by ICVD enable the physician to narrow the spectrum of differential diagnosis for the vestibular disorder in clinical practice. However, the division of vestibular pathway, especially the central vestibular system, has not be classified yet in the ICVD（2015）. Central vertigo, being a group of heterogeneous disorders, may present diverse clinical spectrums. The misdiagnosis of central vestibular as well as peripheral vestibular disorders have been reported in the clinic practice. Therefore, the author by review study proposes a structural classification of vestibular disorders combined the Vestibular System Functional Anatomy Division with Syndromes（VeSFADS）. The VeSFADS classification of vestibular disorders could help the physician in clinical practice to narrow the spectrum of vestibular disorders, in addition to the syndromic classification, by the clinical feature of vestibular disorders from different division of vestibular system. And the VeSFADS classification of vestibular disorders may facilitate to clarify the clinical features of vestibular disorders at different Division of vestibular pathway.
摘要: Brny学会（2015）发表前庭疾病国际分类（International Classification of Vestibular Disorders，ICVD）极大地推动了眩晕疾病的临床研究。同时，ICVD前庭疾病国际分类提出的3类眩晕综合征的分类法，对临床诊断眩晕疾病过程中缩窄眩晕疾病的鉴别诊断范围有非常重要的帮助。但是，ICVD眩晕疾病国际分类未对前庭系统不同部位的疾病进行分区分类，而前庭疾病尤其是前庭中枢性眩晕疾病临床表现复杂，在临床上常发生误诊。本研究通过文献分析，提出结合前庭功能解剖分区与眩晕疾病临床特征（Vestibular System Functional Anatomy Division with Syndromes，VeSFADS）的结构性分类法，旨在有助于进一步研究揭示前庭疾病在前庭系统各功能解剖分区的临床特征；同时有助于临床医师在眩晕疾病诊断过程中的逻辑思维，从前庭系统功能解剖分区的角度进一步缩窄眩晕疾病鉴别诊断的范围。.

Vertigo and dizziness are among the most common chief complaints in the neurology and emergency departments. Benign, self-limiting peripheral causes such as benign positional paroxysmal vertigo or vestibular neuropathy, Ménière\'s disease are the majority, but dangerous underlying conditions such as cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases are still overlooked. In this paper, the anatomy of the vestibular network from peripheral to central and the classification based on \"triggers and timing\" rather than the analysis of patient\'s word (rotational versus dizzy) are presented. Based on these, I classify various causes of vertigo and dizziness into three groups, i.e. highly dangerous, less dangerous but cautionary, and benign self-limiting ones, and explain them focusing on isolated vertigo or isolated vestibular syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Correctly diagnosing dizziness in children is essential for appropriate management; nevertheless, healthcare professionals face challenges due to children\'s limited ability to describe their symptoms and their cooperation during physical examination. The objective of this study is to describe the first 100 patients seen at a newly established pediatric vertigo center.
METHODS: This is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 100 patients seen at our pediatric vertigo clinic in a tertiary referral center from August 2019 until June 2022. Comprehensive clinical data were collected. The diagnoses were established by 2 pediatric otolaryngologists based on validated diagnostic criteria. Trends in diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of these patients were analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 100 children were included in the study. Vestibular migraine was the most common diagnosis (20%) followed by benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (14%). Eleven patients had combined pathologies. Fifteen out of 70 children (21%) had abnormal audiograms, 30 out of 48 children (62.5%) had abnormal vestibular testing, and 6 out of 31 (19%) patients had abnormal imaging. Fifty-one children received medical treatment, 23 received vestibular physiotherapy, and 9 patients had particle repositioning maneuvers; moreover, 17 of these patients received multimodal treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that imaging and audiology testing have relatively low yield in the assessment of pediatric vertigo. On the other hand, vestibular testing detected a high proportion of abnormalities, such as saccadic pursuit, vertical nystagmus, central positional nystagmus, and abnormal directional preponderance, particularly associated with vestibular migraine. Given the complexity of diagnosing vertigo in children, it is critical to establish multidisciplinary specialized centers capable of providing accurate diagnosis and treatment for these children.

This paper introduces Professor WANG Haidong\'s approach to treat cervical vertigo with needle knife based on the holism of body-qi-spirit. Professor WANG Haidong, considering the etiology and pathogenesis of cervical vertigo, starting from the holism of body-qi-spirit, based on the anatomical structure, employs the \"seven-neck points\" technique to improve local blood supply and address the physical issue; guided by the Jingjin theory, he utilizes the \"knot releasing technique\" to disperse knots and relax sinews, thereby regulating qi. In addition, he uses the \"bone puncturing technique at governor vessel\" to uplift yang-qi and nourish the brain, thereby nurturing the spirit.
介绍王海东教授基于形气神一体观应用针刀治疗颈性眩晕的思路。王海东教授基于颈性眩晕的病因病机，从形气神一体观出发，以解剖结构为基础，采用“颈七刀”技术以改善局部血供而治形；以经筋理论为指导，采用“舒筋解结术”以散结缓筋、濡润筋肉而调气；以督脉为总纲，采用“督脉刺骨术”以升举清阳、滋养脑窍而养神。.

Objective: To explore the incidence of sudden deafness accompanied with tinnitus, the selection of examination protocols and treatment, and to provide reference for the establishment of new guidelines for sudden deafness. Methods: CiteSpace software was used for analysis and data mining to analyze and summarize the computer-retrieved articles on diagnostic examination and treatment of sudden deafness accompanied with tinnitus collected from CNIC, Wanfang and Web of Science databases from 2011 to 2021. Results: A total of 207 randomized controlled studies were retrieved in this study, including 121 in Chinese and 86 in English. Finally, 74 Chinese literatures and 16 English literatures were included. Among the 74 valid Chinese literatures, 64 (86.5%) were accompanied with tinnitus, 58 (78.4%) with dizziness/vertigo, 25 (33.8%) with aural fullness, 10 (13.5%) with headache, 4 (5.4%) with insomnia, 4 (5.4%) with a mixture of dizziness and tinnitus, and 2 (2.7%) with vomiting. Among the 16 English literatures, 15 (93.8%) were accompanied with tinnitus, 12 (75.0%) with vertigo, 1 (6.3%) with aural fullness, and 1 (6.3%) with a mixture of various symptoms. Among the 64 Chinese articles mentioning tinnitus, only 9 mentioned tinnitus matching tests, and 1 mentioned that the treatment for tinnitus accompanying symptoms was sound therapy and psychological counseling. The incidence rates of tinnitus accompanying four different types of sudden deafness, from low to high, are as follows: low-to-mid frequency, 82.4%; mid-to-high frequency, 90.7%; complete deafness, 92.4%; and flat type, 92.8%. Conclusion: Tinnitus is the most common accompanying symptom of sudden deafness, and tinnitus matching test is an effective evaluation method. When establishing a scientific, comprehensive, and systematic diagnosis and treatment system or guidelines for sudden deafness, attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of tinnitus symptoms and their adverse psychological reactions, in order to reduce the incidence of tinnitus patients in the later stage of recovery from sudden deafness.
目的： 探讨突发性聋（突聋）伴耳鸣的发生率、检查方案选择及治疗，为临床建立完善的突聋新指南提供参考。 方法： 运用CiteSpace软件分析及数据挖掘，对计算机检索出的2011—2021年中国知网、万方以及Web of Science数据库收录的有关突聋伴耳鸣相关辅助检查和治疗的文章进行分析总结。 结果： 本研究共检索随机对照研究207篇，其中中文121篇，英文86篇；最终纳入中文文献74篇，英文文献16篇。74篇中文文献中，伴随症状为耳鸣的64篇（86.5%），头晕/眩晕58篇（78.4%），耳闷25篇（33.8%），头痛10篇（13.5%），失眠4篇（5.4%），头晕耳鸣混杂4篇（5.4%），呕吐2篇（2.7%）；16篇英文文献中伴随症状为耳鸣的15篇（93.8%），眩晕12篇（75.0%），耳闷1篇（6.3%），各种症状混杂1篇（6.3%）。64篇提及耳鸣的中文文献中，仅9篇提到了耳鸣匹配检查；1篇提到耳鸣伴随症状的治疗为声治疗及心理辅导。4种不同类型突聋伴耳鸣发生率由低到高依次为：低中频82.4%，中高频90.7%，全聋型92.4%，平坦型92.8%。 结论： 耳鸣是突聋最常见的伴随症状，耳鸣匹配检查是有效评估手段。在建立科学、完善、全面、系统的突聋诊疗体系或指南的同时应重视耳鸣症状及其不良心理反应的诊疗，减少突聋康复后期耳鸣的发生率。.