■糖尿病影响着全世界数百万人,使他们更容易受到感染,包括季节性流感。因此,对于患有糖尿病的人来说,每年接种流感疫苗是特别重要的。然而,该人群的流感疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很低。这篇综述主要旨在确定糖尿病患者(T1D或T2D)的流感疫苗接种的决定因素。其次,它旨在评估流感疫苗接种的主要建议,疫苗有效性,疫苗接种覆盖率,以及教育和药剂师如何鼓励糖尿病人群接种疫苗。
■2022年1月进行了范围审查,以使用PubMed的数据系统地审查糖尿病患者的流感疫苗接种证据,科学直接,和EMPremium,条款如“糖尿病,\"\"免疫接种计划,\"\"疫苗接种,“和”流感疫苗。“质量评估和数据提取由两名作者独立进行。作者之间的分歧通过讨论和协商一致得到解决,如果有必要,咨询第三作者。
■在确定的333条记录中,55项研究符合纳入本综述的资格标准。建议对≥6个月的人群接种流感疫苗。尽管有效性证据表明,接种疫苗的糖尿病患者的死亡率和住院率与未接种疫苗的人,很少有研究报告覆盖率≥75%,这是世卫组织的目标目标。决定因素,如高龄,合并症的存在和医疗保健提供者的建议与疫苗接种量增加相关.相反,对不良反应的恐惧和对疫苗有效性的担忧是重要的障碍.最后,教育和药剂师的干预在促进疫苗接种和增加疫苗接种方面发挥了关键作用。
■尽管有关于疫苗有效性的建议和证据,但糖尿病患者的流感疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很低。已经确定了动机和障碍以及一些社会人口统计学和临床因素来解释这种趋势。现在需要努力增加接种流感疫苗的糖尿病患者人数,主要通过教育和医疗保健提供者的参与。
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide, making them more vulnerable to infections, including seasonal influenza. It is therefore particularly important for those suffering from diabetes to be vaccinated against influenza each year. However, influenza vaccination coverage remains low in this population. This review primarily aims to identify the determinants of influenza vaccination in people with diabetes (T1D or T2D). Secondly, it aims to assess main recommendations for influenza vaccination, vaccine effectiveness, vaccination coverage, and how education and pharmacists can encourage uptake of the vaccine in the diabetic population.
A scoping review was conducted in January 2022 to systematically review evidence on influenza vaccination in people with diabetes using data from PubMed, Science Direct, and EM Premium with terms such as \"Diabetes mellitus,\" \"Immunization Programs,\" \"Vaccination,\" and \"Influenza Vaccines.\" Quality assessment and data extraction were independently conducted by two authors. Disagreements between the authors were resolved through discussion and
consensus, and if necessary, by consulting a third author.
Of the 333 records identified, 55 studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Influenza vaccination was recommended for people ≥6 months. Despite effectiveness evidence showing a reduction in mortality and hospitalizations in people with diabetes vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated ones, very few studies reported a coverage rate ≥ 75%, which is WHO\'s target objective. Determinants such as advanced age, presence of comorbidities and healthcare givers\' advice were associated with increased vaccination uptake. On the contrary, fear of adverse reactions and concerns about vaccine effectiveness were significant barriers. Finally, education and pharmacists\' intervention played a key role in promoting vaccination and increasing vaccination uptake.
Influenza vaccination coverage in people with diabetes remains low despite recommendations and evidence on vaccine effectiveness. Motivators and barriers as well as several socio-demographic and clinical factors have been identified to explain this trend. Efforts are now needed to increase the number of diabetics vaccinated against influenza, mainly through education and the involvement of healthcare givers.