Although urine bladder transplantation is currently being conducted, the procedure is an incompletely resolved problem in clinical transplantology. A small number of en bloc bladder and kidney transplants from pediatric donors to adult recipients in humans have been reported. A small number of bladder transplants with and without combinations with kidneys have also been performed in experiments on different animal models. Here, we aimed to highlight the experiences of various scientists in bladder transplantation in humans and animals. We also presented our small experience in conducting transplant of 1 kidney, ureters, and a segment of the bladder in an experiment on pigs in 2023 (5 cases), which is a promising direction for further successful development of this technology in humans. In 2024, we plan to conduct another 10 transplants of a single block ofthe kidney and bladderin pigs, results of which will be published after the completion of the experimental work.

The prevalence and severity of overactive bladder increase with age, and mirabegron is an approved treatment for this condition. This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of mirabegron compared with placebo for overactive bladder treatment. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library (30 October 2023) for relevant articles (source: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, ICTRP, CINAHL). We included randomized controlled trials involving adults with overactive bladder syndrome that compared mirabegron with placebo treatment. Data were analyzed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions [Review Manager (computer program) Version 5.4]. Nine parallel-group trials (10 articles) were included. The evaluation included a total of 8,527 adults, including 6,445 women and 2,082 men, of whom 5,726 were White, 2,462 were Asian, and 161 were Black. The mean age of the participants ranged from 53.4 to 60.3 years. This evaluation involved three specifications of mirabegron: 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg. In all trials, patients were enrolled in a 12-week double-blind treatment period, and the dose was once daily. The review of trials found that on average, people taking mirabegron had about 13 ml more volume voided per micturition, five fewer micturitions, and four fewer incontinence episodes every week, with moderate improvements in quality of life. About one in five people taking the drug reported TRAEs. Mirabegron treatment is well tolerated, with the risk of adverse events similar to that of a placebo. For best results, a dose of 50 mg once daily is recommended for long-term use. It is unclear whether any benefits are sustained after treatment discontinuation. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO (CRD42023430737).

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BACKGROUND: The urinary bladder undergoes morphological and functional changes in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). These detrusor changes reflect chronically increased intravesical pressure as a result of outlet obstruction. This study aims to determine the relationship between the Pre- and Post-op detrusor wall thickness (DWT), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), and duration of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients who had open simple prostatectomy (OSP).
METHODS: This was a prospective study of a cohort of patients who had OSP for symptomatic BPE. The IPSS and symptom duration for each patient were noted. Each patient also had an abdominal ultrasound scan with a measurement of their DWT. Retropubic OSP was done for each patient. The detrusor wall thickness was also measured 12 weeks after the prostatectomy.
RESULTS: Fifty-two patients completed the study; the mean age was 66.37 ± 8.09 years. The median pre-operative IPSS was 28 (IQR = 13.75), and the median duration of symptoms was 24 months (IQR = 37 months). The mean pre-operative DWT was 4.41 ± 1.38mm, while the mean post-operative DWT was 2.16 ± 0.98mm. The preoperative IPSS (p = 0.833) and duration of symptoms (p = 0.375) did not significantly correlate with the pre-operative DWT. There was a significant reduction in the mean DWT (p < 0.001) and IPSS (p < 0.001) following prostatectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: DWT appears not to be significantly influenced by the severity or duration of LUTS. However, it reduced significantly following OSP with corresponding improvement in urinary symptoms.
BACKGROUND: La vessie subit des changements morphologiques et fonctionnels chez les patients présentant une hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate (HBP) symptomatique. Ces modifications du détrusor reflètent une pression intravésicale chroniquement augmentée en raison de l\'obstruction de la sortie. Cette étude vise à déterminer la relation entre l\'épaisseur de la paroi du détrusor (EPD) avant et après l\'opération, le score international des symptômes prostatiques (IPSS) et la durée des symptômes des voies urinaires inférieures (LUTS) chez les patients ayant subi une prostatectomie simple ouverte (OSP).
UNASSIGNED: Il s\'agissait d\'une étude prospective d\'une cohorte de patients ayant subi une OSP pour une HBP symptomatique. L\'IPSS et la durée des symptômes pour chaque patient ont été notés. Chaque patient a également subi une échographie abdominale avec mesure de leur EPD. Une OSP rétropubienne a été réalisée pour chaque patient. L\'épaisseur de la paroi du détrusor a également été mesurée 12 semaines après la prostatectomie.
UNASSIGNED: Cinquante-deux patients ont terminé l\'étude ; l\'âge moyen était de 66,37 ± 8,09 ans. L\'IPSS médian préopératoire était de 28 (IQR = 13,75), et la durée médiane des symptômes était de 24 mois (IQR = 37 mois). L\'EPD moyenne préopératoire était de 4,41 ± 1,38 mm, tandis que l\'EPD moyenne postopératoire était de 2,16 ± 0,98 mm. L\'IPSS préopératoire (p = 0,833) et la durée des symptômes (p = 0,375) n\'ont pas significativement corrélé avec l\'EPD préopératoire. Il y a eu une réduction significative de l\'EPD moyenne (p < 0,001) et de l\'IPSS (p < 0,001) après la prostatectomie.
CONCLUSIONS: L\'EPD ne semble pas être significativement influencée par la gravité ou la durée des LUTS. Cependant, elle a considérablement diminué après l\'OSP avec une amélioration correspondante des symptômes urinaires.
UNASSIGNED: Hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate, Épaisseur de la paroi du détrusor, Score international des symptômes prostatiques, Prostatectomie simple ouverte.

Bladder endometriosis accounts for 70-85% of urinary tract endometriosis cases. Urinary tract endometriosis occurs in approximately 1% of those living with endometriosis. Underlying aetiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood, but there are several plausible theories. As well as the typical pain symptoms, those with bladder endometriosis can experience several urinary tract symptoms. The manifestation of these symptoms can have complex pathways and processes. Imaging is accurate in the diagnosis of bladder endometriosis and clinicians should be mindful of the risk of silent kidney loss. Management should be guided by symptoms; both medical and surgical options are feasible. Surgical management offers potentially definitive treatment. Excisional surgery via bladder shave or partial cystectomy offers good improvement in symptoms with relatively low rates of serious complications and recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Bladder training (BT), the maintenance of a scheduled voiding regime at gradually adjusted intervals, is a common treatment for overactive bladder (OAB).
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of isolated BT and/or in combination with other therapies on OAB symptoms.
METHODS: A systematic review of eight databases was conducted. After screening titles and abstracts, full texts were retrieved. Cochrane RoB 2 and the GRADE approach were used.
RESULTS: Fourteen RCTs were included: they studied isolated BT (n = 11), BT plus drug treatment (DT; n = 5), BT plus intravaginal electrical stimulation (IVES; n = 2), BT plus biofeedback and IVES (n = 1), BT plus pelvic floor muscle training and behavioral therapy (n = 2), BT plus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, and BT plus transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (n = 1). In a meta-analysis of short-term follow-up data, BT plus IVES resulted in greater improvement in nocturia (mean difference [MD]: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.5, 1.20), urinary incontinence (UI; MD: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.55), and quality of life (QoL; MD: 4.87, 95% CI: 2.24, 7.50) than isolated BT, while DT and BT improved UI (MD: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.92) more than isolated BT.
CONCLUSIONS: In the short term, BT plus IVES improves the OAB symptoms of nocturia and UI while improving QoL. The limited number of RCTs and heterogeneity among them provide a low level of evidence, making the effect of BT on OAB inconclusive, which suggests that new RCTs should be performed.

OBJECTIVE: The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome has led to an emerging field of investigation about the potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. Few preliminary data have been reported so far implicating urobiome as causative and prognostic factor of bladder tumorigenesis. In the present study, a review of the current evidence is presented about microbiome composition among patients with bladder cancer and healthy individuals as well as possible implications of microbiome on urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
METHODS: A literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane library until December 2023. Search algorithm was constructed using the following terms and their associated Mesh terms and Boolean operators: \"urinary microbiome\" and \"urinary microbiota\". Studies written in English language, identifying, and comparing urinary microbiome among bladder cancer patients and healthy control group were included in the review.
RESULTS: A total of 2,356 reports were identified. From this total 16 articles complied with the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. These articles represent a total of about 486 bladder cancer patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Recent studies revealed the colonization of the urinary tract and the bladder by micro-organisms using both enhanced culture- and molecular-based techniques for microbial characterization. However, several limitations exist in the literature decreasing the reliability of the current reports. As a result, urinary microbiome consist an ambitious era in bladder cancer research with an increasing number of evidence about its potential pathogenetic, prognostic and therapeutic role.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of selective bipolar plasmakinetic technology based on bladder irrigation fluid color on hemostasis in HoLEP surgwery METHODS: A total of 209 patients who underwent HoLEP surgery from October 2021 to July 2023 were included and divided into Hemostasis Management Group and control group. the color of the irrigation fluid was categorized into 5 levels and the bipolar plasmakinetic technology was applied when the color came to level 4 or up. The following was analyzed: postoperative use of balloon compression, blood loss, irrigation time, length of hospital stay, and the number of a second operation.
RESULTS: Only 4 patients in Hemostasis Management Group required postoperative urinary catheter balloon compression, while there are 15 in the control group(p=0.03). The average irrigation time for patients in the HM Group with bipolar plasmakinetic hemostasis was 21.88±13.76 hours, compared to that in patients with catheter balloon compression(p=0.007).
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the bladder irrigation color chart, the selective application of bipolar plasmakinetic hemostasis led to a significant reduction in the number of patients requiring postoperative bladder catheter balloon compression. Secondly, the irrigation time of patients who underwent bipolar plasmakinetic hemostasis also decreased.

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