In Bangladesh, free-range duck farms provide opportunities for the generation of novel influenza A viruses as evidenced by the emergence of an unusual A(H1N7) virus in 2023. Continued surveillance of such environments for the potential emergence of influenza A viruses with novel properties remains a priority.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a salivary gland tumor commonly arising from the parotid gland. MEC has various presenting symptoms, including a painless, slow-growing mass below or anterior to the ear lobule. However, an unusual presentation can also be in the form of post-auricular swelling. Other more common benign differentials for post-auricular swelling include lymphadenopathy, epidermoid cysts, and lipomas. Thus, diagnosing a postauricular swelling as MEC solely based on clinical presentation is challenging, and a high suspicion, as well as a multidisciplinary approach with various radiological investigations such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are required in collaboration with histopathological assessment for an accurate diagnosis of this malignancy. Prognosis depends on various factors, including the grade of the tumor, the patient\'s age, and comorbidities, as well as the stage at the time of diagnosis. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are the mainstays of treatment, which can be followed by adjuvant radiotherapy based on the stage of the malignancy. This is a report of a patient who presented with post-auricular swelling, which was initially misdiagnosed as a benign necrotic lymph node. After further evaluation, it was found to be a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland, which was managed by surgical excision and radiotherapy.

The coeliac trunk, the first anterior branch, often originates at the level of the T12 vertebral body, right below the aortic hiatus, as the first ventral branch of the abdominal aorta. It commonly divides into the left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries. We report a rare variation in the branching pattern and course of branches of the coeliac trunk in two donated female cadavers during routine abdominal dissection. It is essential to understand the coeliac trunk and the distinctions in its origin and branching pattern to perform efficient upper abdominal surgical and radiological procedures and to adopt novel interventional and treatment options for hepatic cancers. As anatomists, we are also attempting to link our study\'s variations to their embryological genesis.
İlk ön dal olan çölyak trunkus, abdominal aortanın ilk ventral dalı olarak genellikle T12 vertebral cisim seviyesinde, aortik hiatusun hemen altından çıkar. Genellikle sol gastrik, ortak hepatik ve splenik arterlere ayrılır. Bu yazıda, bağışlanan iki kadın kadavrada, rutin abdominal diseksiyon sırasında çölyak trunkusun dallanma paterninde ve seyrinde görülen nadir bir varyasyon sunulmaktadır. Etkin üst abdominal cerrahi ve radyolojik prosedürler gerçekleştirmek ve karaciğer kanserleri için yeni girişimsel ve tedavi seçeneklerini benimsemek için çölyak trunkusu ve kökenindeki ve dallanma paternindeki farklılıkları anlamak çok önemlidir. Anatomi uzmanları olarak biz de çalışmamızdaki varyasyonları embriyolojik oluşumlarıyla ilişkilendirmeye çalışmaktayız.

Aim of our study was to report unusual presentation of mucormycosis in patients, who were recovered from COVID-19 infection. This was a prospective observational study, undertaken at Ravindra Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, India, over a period of last 3 months (April-June 2021). All patients with maxillofacial and dental mucormycosis were included in the study. All patients either have COVID-19 infection or recovered from it. Eight (40%) patients had history of use of corticosteroids for COVID1-19 infection, fifteen patients had either known case of diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes with uncontrolled blood sugar at the time of presentation, three (15%) patients were in pre-diabetic state with HbA1c between 6.0 and 6.5% and two patients had no diabetes. None of patients had diabetic ketoacidosis and only one patient reported complete loss of vision with dental symptoms. There was unusual presentation of mucormycosis in form of loosening of teeth in uncontrolled diabetes. Injudicious use of steroids and uncontrolled diabetes are two main risk factors, so eyes should be kept on both of these.

Synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) is an outstanding system for controlling magnetic coupling via tuning the layer thickness and material composition. Here, we control the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) in a perpendicularly magnetized SAF Pt/Co/Ir/CoFeB/MgO multilayer, which is tuned by varying the nonmagnetic layer Ir thickness and the magnetic layer Co thickness. And we study the spin-orbit torque (SOT) driven magnetization switching of the SAF. In the SAF with a weak IEC, the SOT-driven switching behavior is similar to that of a single ferromagnet system, which is dominated by the external magnetic field. In contrast, in the SAF with an ultra-strong IEC, the saturation magnetic field is large than 50 kOe, and the SOT-driven switching behavior is decided by the effective magnetic field. The effective field is correlated to the external magnetic field, the IEC field, magnetic moments of CoFeB and Co, and magnetic anisotropy. These results may advance the understanding of SOT switching of perpendicular SAFs and promote the applications of SAFs with low stray fields and lower power in spintronic devices.

Conventionally, leprosy has been divided into various spectra of presentation ranging from the tuberculoid to the lepromatous pole, as well as histoid, pure neuritic leprosy and reactional states. This however is an oversimplification as leprosy can present in unusual clinical forms that may obfuscate the diagnosis. Our objective was to highlight unusual clinical presentations of leprosy occurring across all spectra of the disease. Our case series describes eight uncommon presentations of leprosy seen over a period of 10 y from 2011 to 2021, wherein clinical diagnosis followed by a histopathological confirmation of leprosy was performed. These include rare presentations such as psoriasiform plaques, Lazarine leprosy, verrucous plaques and hypertrophic scarring. Many of these rare presentations remain hitherto unreported, such as primary hypogonadism and annular plaques mimicking erythema annulare centrifugum and erythema gyratum repens. Sarcoidosis and syphilis have been labeled as great mimickers in dermatology. The current case series and review is an attempt to highlight a multitude of unusual presentations of leprosy that need a separate mention to make a correct and timely diagnosis and prevent the debilitating sequelae of this otherwise treatable infectious disease.

UNASSIGNED: Although several peripheral blood abnormalities have been reported in COVID 19,Leukoerythroblastosis is an unusual finding. We report 33 COVID19 cases presenting with leukoerythroblastosis. We intend to describe its incidence in this novel viral infection and correlate it with the clinical outcome.
UNASSIGNED: It is a Prospective study done at a Level 3 COVID 19 hospital of LUCKNOW, INDIA. Hematologic test records of day 1 of admission of COVID 19 cases admitted from 20th August 2020 to 30th September 2020 were reviewed. Peripheral blood smear examination was performed on test results that were flagged for abnormalities. Leukoerythroblastosis was reported when the smears showed presence of granulocyte left shift and nucleated red blood cells. Follow up smears were examined on Day 7. The findings were correlated with the clinical outcome.
UNASSIGNED: Out of 274 slides reviewed, 33 (12%) showed a leukoerythroblastic picture on day 1 of admission. Follow up smears on day 7 were available in 76% (25/33) cases. The follow up smears showed improvement in 13 cases, worsening in 9 cases and no changes in 3 cases. There were total 19 (58%) deaths. 12 patients (36%) recovered and 2 patients (6%) were shifted to other hospitals whose further follow up was not available.
UNASSIGNED: Leukoerythroblastosis is an unusual presentation of COVID 19. Although rare, this peripheral blood abnormality can provide insight into the underlying pathophysiologic processes. Furthermore, it seems to be an adverse prognostic factor, so examination of follow up smears may help clinicians and intensivists to make prompt management decisions.

UNASSIGNED: Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, benign tumours with an incidence of 0.08-0.2%. They present between the fifth and seventh decade of life [1].
METHODS: Our patient presented with complaints of vomiting and left lumbar pain of four weeks duration. Blood work revealed dyselectrolytemia. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis confirmed the diagnosis and the patient was planned for an adrenalectomy. Histopathology report revealed the pathology. She is currently on routine follow up and is disease free. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and its accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal on request. This case report has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria [2].
UNASSIGNED: With the increased use of imaging modalities of the abdomen, they are now considered to be the second most common cause of adrenal incidentalomas (6-16%) [3]. Most tumours are small, asymptomatic and often go undiagnosed. Large tumours can cause chronic pain and other nonspecific symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Though myelolipomas are identified on routine CT scans, on a background of dyselectrolytemia, a further evaluation is of utmost importance to rule out the possibility of a functioning tumour.

Over the years the nomenclature of thymomas has been debated regarding the best manner in which these tumors should be grouped. In every schema presented thus far, the main issue has been the presence or lack of lymphocytes and accordingly, the tumors have been place into a specific category. However, even though this concept applies for most of the cases, there are numerous tumors that do not necessarily fit into those categories as either the thymomas show another cellular proliferation associated with the epithelial cells or the epithelial cell themselves are arranged in a pattern that departs from the conventional features of the classic thymoma. Herein we will emphasize those features, which in some circumstances, mainly with small mediastinoscopic biopsies may pose a considerable problem in interpretation. We do consider that the most important issue is to be familiar with the different growth pattern that these tumors may show in order to avoid misdiagnosis. In addition, we consider that regardless of the growth pattern or cellular composition of the tumor, it is highly recommended that these tumors just like any other be carefully sampled and properly stage. Although we are fully aware of the different growth pattern and specific cellular details that thymoma may show, the discussion of each one of those tumors is beyond the scope of this review. Therefore, we have placed more emphasis in those, which in our judgment are more commonly encountered in the daily practice.

Enterolithiasis or formation of gastrointestinal concretions is an uncommon medical condition that develops in the setting of intestinal stasis due to various pathologies. Its prevalence ranges upto 10% and can present in different clinical pictures to challenge a clinician.