背景:尽管指示条件(IC)指导的HIV检测(IC-HIVT)可有效促进及时的HIV诊断,台湾对IC类别和相关艾滋病毒风险的研究有限。为了改善IC-HIVT在台湾的采用和传播,这项研究比较了HIV感染者(PLWH)和非HIV对照的IC类别,并调查了HIV感染诊断的延迟.
方法:全国范围内,回顾性,1:10匹配的病例对照研究分析了来自法定疾病监测系统和国家健康保险研究数据库的数据,以评估2009年至2015年匹配的HIV诊断日期之前5年的42个IC。ICs分为1类ICs(定义为艾滋病的机会性疾病[AOI]),2类IC(与免疫受损或恶性肿瘤相关的疾病,但与AOI无关),第3类IC(与性行为相关的IC),和4类IC(单核细胞增多症或单核细胞增多症样综合征)。在指标日期之前,使用Logistic回归评估与每个IC类别(总体和年度水平)相关的HIV风险。进行了Wilcoxon秩和检验,以通过HIV传播途径评估事件IC类别后诊断延迟的变化。
结果:一万四千三百四十七个PLWH与143,470个非HIV对照相匹配。所有IC和1-4类IC的患病率结果为,分别,42.59%,11.16%,15.68%,26.48%,PLWH中的0.97%和8.73%,1.05%,4.53%,3.69%,非HIV对照者为0.02%(均P<0.001)。每个IC类别在总体上和每年的艾滋病毒感染风险都高得多。HIV诊断的中位数(四分位距)潜在延迟为15(7-44),324.5(36-947),234(13-976),1-4类IC为74(33-476)天,分别。除了与男性发生性关系的男性的第一类,这些值在2009-2015年期间保持稳定,无论HIV传播途径如何.
结论:鉴于持续的HIV诊断延迟,IC-HIVT应升级并适应每个IC类别,以加强早期艾滋病毒诊断。
BACKGROUND: Although indicator condition (IC)-guided HIV
testing (IC-HIVT) is effective at facilitating timely HIV diagnosis, research on IC categories and the related HIV risk in Taiwan is limited. To improve the adoption and spread of IC-HIVT in Taiwan, this study compared the IC categories of people living with HIV (PLWH) and non-HIV controls and investigated delays in the diagnosis of HIV infection.
METHODS: This nationwide, retrospective, 1:10-matched
case-control study analyzed data from the Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System and National Health Insurance Research Database to evaluate 42 ICs for the 5-year period preceding a matched HIV diagnostic date from 2009 to 2015. The ICs were divided into category 1 ICs (AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses [AOIs]), category 2 ICs (diseases associated with impaired immunity or malignancy but not AOIs), category 3 ICs (ICs associated with sexual behaviors), and category 4 ICs (mononucleosis or mononucleosis-like syndrome). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the HIV risk associated with each IC category (at the overall and annual levels) before the index date. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to assess changes in diagnostic delays following an incident IC category by HIV transmission routes.
RESULTS: Fourteen thousand three hundred forty-seven PLWH were matched with 143,470 non-HIV controls. The prevalence results for all ICs and category 1-4 ICs were, respectively, 42.59%, 11.16%, 15.68%, 26.48%, and 0.97% among PLWH and 8.73%, 1.05%, 4.53%, 3.69%, and 0.02% among non-HIV controls (all P < 0.001). Each IC category posed a significantly higher risk of HIV infection overall and annually. The median (interquartile range) potential delay in HIV diagnosis was 15 (7-44), 324.5 (36-947), 234 (13-976), and 74 (33-476) days for category 1-4 ICs, respectively. Except for category 1 for men who have sex with men, these values remained stable across 2009-2015, regardless of the HIV transmission route.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the ongoing HIV diagnostic delay, IC-HIVT should be upgraded and adapted to each IC category to enhance early HIV diagnosis.