背景:轮椅网球,一项全球流行的运动,拥有40个国家和160多个锦标赛的专业巡回赛。尽管它具有广泛的吸引力,关于轮椅网球身体需求的信息分散在各种研究中,需要进行全面的系统审查,以综合现有数据。
目的:目的是提供与轮椅网球相关的身体需求的详细综合,包括不同的因素,如法院表面,性能水平,体育课,和性别。
方法:我们在PubMed中进行了全面的搜索,Embase,CINAHL,和SPORTDiscus数据库,涵盖从开始到2023年3月1日的文章。使用Scopus对所包含的文章进行了前后引文跟踪,我们根据人口建立了资格标准,曝光,比较,结果,和研究设计(PECOS)框架。我们的研究重点是参加地区的轮椅网球运动员,国家,或国际水平,包括青少年和成年人,以及开放式和四路播放器。我们分析了单打和双打比赛,并考虑了性别(男性,female),体育课(公开,quad),和法院表面类型(硬,粘土,草)作为关键比较点。感兴趣的结果包括比赛持续时间,球场上的运动,行程性能,和生理匹配变量。选定的研究设计包括观察性横截面,纵向,和干预研究(仅基线数据)。我们计算了具有95%置信区间(CI)的合并均值或均值差异,并采用了具有稳健方差估计的随机效应荟萃分析。我们使用CochraneQ和95%预测区间评估异质性。
结果:我们的文献检索检索到643条记录,有24篇文章符合我们的纳入标准。大多数可用的信息集中在公开部门的国际男子轮椅网球运动员,主要是在硬地球场上单打比赛。这些球员在硬地球场上的主要发现(平均[95%CI])是比赛持续时间65.9分钟[55.0-78.8],设置持续时间35.0分钟[28.2-43.5],游戏持续时间4.6分钟[0.92-23.3],反弹持续时间6.1s[3.7-10.2],有效播放时间19.8%[18.9-20.7],作息比1:4.1[1:3.7-1:4.4]。没有足够的数据来分析女性球员的比赛持续时间。然而,关于硬地比赛的现有数据,平均设定持续时间为34.8min[32.5-37.2].硬地球场上的国际男球员平均每场比赛距离为3859m[1917-7768],平均和峰值平均前进速度为1.06m/s[0.85-1.32]和3.55m/s[2.92-4.31],分别。这些球员平均每场比赛执行365.9[317.2-422.1]杆,每套200.6[134.7-299.0],每场比赛25.4[16.7-38.7],和3.4[2.6-4.6]每次反弹。没有足够的数据可用于对女性球员的球场上运动和中风表现进行荟萃分析。国际男子球员在硬地球场上的平均心率和峰值心率分别为每分钟134.3次[124.2-145.1]和166.0次[132.7-207.6],以峰值心率百分比表示的平均匹配心率为74.7%[46.4-100]。我们没有发现关于地区球员或青少年的研究,只有一项关于双打比赛的研究。
结论:虽然我们对轮椅网球的身体需求进行了全面的概述,我们的理解主要集中在国际男性球员在公开分区的硬地球场上比赛。为了更全面地了解这项运动的身体要求,未来的研究应该优先考虑纳入女性和四人球员的数据,大三学生,双打,在红土和草地球场上进行比赛。这些努力将有助于为轮椅网球运动员和教练制定更有针对性和更有效的培训计划。本系统评价的方案已在注册系统评价和荟萃分析方案国际平台(注册https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0060)上进行了先验注册。
BACKGROUND: Wheelchair
tennis, a globally popular sport, features a professional tour spanning 40 countries and over 160 tournaments. Despite its widespread appeal, information about the physical demands of wheelchair
tennis is scattered across various studies, necessitating a comprehensive systematic
review to synthesise available data.
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to provide a detailed synthesis of the physical demands associated with wheelchair tennis, encompassing diverse factors such as court surfaces, performance levels, sport classes, and sexes.
METHODS: We conducted comprehensive searches in the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases, covering articles from inception to March 1, 2023. Forward and backward citation tracking from the included articles was carried out using Scopus, and we established eligibility criteria following the Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design (PECOS) framework. Our study focused on wheelchair tennis players participating at regional, national, or international levels, including both juniors and adults, and open and quad players. We analysed singles and doubles matches and considered sex (male, female), sport class (open, quad), and court surface type (hard, clay, grass) as key comparative points. The outcomes of interest encompassed play duration, on-court movement, stroke performance, and physiological match variables. The selected study designs included observational cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies (baseline data only). We calculated pooled means or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and employed a random-effects meta-analysis with robust variance estimation. We assessed heterogeneity using Cochrane Q and 95% prediction intervals.
RESULTS: Our literature search retrieved 643 records, with 24 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. Most available information focused on international male wheelchair tennis players in the open division, primarily competing in singles on hard courts. Key findings (mean [95% CI]) for these players on hard courts were match duration 65.9 min [55.0-78.8], set duration 35.0 min [28.2-43.5], game duration 4.6 min [0.92-23.3], rally duration 6.1 s [3.7-10.2], effective playing time 19.8% [18.9-20.7], and work-to-rest ratio 1:4.1 [1:3.7-1:4.4]. Insufficient data were available to analyse play duration for female players. However, for the available data on hard court matches, the average set duration was 34.8 min [32.5-37.2]. International male players on hard court covered an average distance per match of 3859 m [1917-7768], with mean and peak average forward speeds of 1.06 m/s [0.85-1.32] and 3.55 m/s [2.92-4.31], respectively. These players executed an average of 365.9 [317.2-422.1] strokes per match, 200.6 [134.7-299.0] per set, 25.4 [16.7-38.7] per game, and 3.4 [2.6-4.6] per rally. Insufficient data were available for a meta-analysis of female players\' on-court movement and stroke performance. The average and peak heart rates of international male players on hard court were 134.3 [124.2-145.1] and 166.0 [132.7-207.6] beats per minute, and the average match heart rate expressed as a percentage of peak heart rate was 74.7% [46.4-100]. We found no studies concerning regional players or juniors, and only one study on doubles match play.
CONCLUSIONS: While we present a comprehensive overview of the physical demands of wheelchair tennis, our understanding predominantly centres around international male players competing on hard courts in the open division. To attain a more comprehensive insight into the sport\'s physical requirements, future research should prioritise the inclusion of data on female and quad players, juniors, doubles, and matches played on clay and grass court surfaces. Such endeavours will facilitate the development of more tailored and effective training programmes for wheelchair tennis players and coaches. The protocol for this systematic
review was registered a priori at the International Platform of Registered Systematic
Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (Registration https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0060 ).