BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to review the evidence for the potential of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) as a model of meditative movement in benefiting people with impulsivity related disorders and provide guidance for future research.
METHODS: A scoping review of the literature was conducted in five databases. Eligibility criteria were original articles reporting TCC based interventions or included TCC techniques and provided any assessment on impulsivity or related measures, impulse control disorders, or other psychiatric disorders related to impulsivity (e.g., addictive disorders, ADHD, and other conduct disorders). Twenty-eight out of 304 studies initially retrieved were reviewed. The reports concentrated mostly on neurodegenerative conditions, cognitive decline, and substance use disorders (SUD).
RESULTS: TCC had several positive effects in cognitive domains resulting in improvements in memory, executive functions, inhibitory control, attention, and verbal fluency. These improvements in memory, executive function, including inhibitory control and attention, and verbal fluency were associated with changes in the brain plasticity, resting activity, and other neurobiological markers.
CONCLUSIONS: Albeit no study was found on the use of TCC in impulse control disorders or impulse related conditions, other than SUD, the findings suggest that considering the behavioral impact of TCC, especially the improvement of executive functions, it could be a valuable therapeutic tool for approaching impulse control related disorders.

Non-drug therapies of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including acupuncture, massage, tai chi chuan, and Baduanjin, have emerged as widespread interventions for the treatment of various diseases in clinical practice. In recent years, preliminary studies on the mechanisms of non-drug therapies of TCM have been mostly based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology. FNIRS is an innovative, non-invasive tool to monitor hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex. Our review included clinical research conducted over the last 10 years, establishing fNIRS as a reliable and stable neuroimaging technique. This review explores new applications of this technology in the field of neuroscience. First, we summarize the working principles of fNIRS. We then present preventive research on the use of fNIRS in healthy individuals and therapeutic research on patients undergoing non-drug therapies of TCM. Finally, we emphasize the potential for encouraging future advancements in fNIRS studies to establish a theoretical framework for research in related fields.

UNASSIGNED: Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) may have a positive impact on physical and psychological well-being in breast cancer patients, but the evidence remains limited and inconclusive. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of TCC on the quality of life (QoL) and psychological symptoms in women patients with breast cancer.
UNASSIGNED: This review has been registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019141977). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCC for breast cancer were searched from eight major English and Chinese databases. All trials included were analyzed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook. The primary outcomes were QoL, anxiety, and depression in patients with breast cancer. Fatigue, sleep quality, cognitive function, and inflammatory cytokine were the secondary outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: Fifteen RCTs involving a total of 1,156 breast cancer participants were included in this review. The methodological quality of included trials was generally poor. The pooled results suggested that TCC-based exercise could significantly improve QoL [standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.35, 95%CI: 0.15-0.55, I 2 = 0, model: fixed, IV], anxiety [weighted mean difference (WMD)=-4.25, 95%CI: -5.88 to -2.63, I 2 = 0, model: fixed, IV], and fatigue (SMD=-0.87, 95%CI: -1.50 to -0.24, I 2 = 80.9%, model: random, DL) compared other controls, with moderate to low certainty of evidence. The improvement of QoL and fatigue by TCC was also clinically meaningful. However, TCC-based exercise failed to show any between-group differences in depression, sleep quality, cognitive function, and inflammatory cytokine. Post-hoc analysis revealed that TCC-based exercise outperformed the other exercise in improving shoulder function with very low certainty of evidence.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings manifested that TCC-based exercise is helpful for improving the QoL, anxiety, and fatigue in patients with breast cancer within the range of comparisons covered in this study. However, the results must be treated with great caution because of the methodological flaws of included trials. Larger, well-designed, and conducted randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up is warranted in the future to evaluate the important outcomes of TCC for breast cancer.
UNASSIGNED: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019141977, identifier, CRD42019141977.

Background: Tai Chi Chuan(TCC), as a mind-body exercise, may have a positive impact on physical function and psychological well-being in breast cancer patients. The latest systematic review and meta-analysis of TCC for breast cancer was made 4 years ago and some new clinical trials about it were published. We remade a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of TCC in breast cancer patients. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via embase.com), CENTRAL, CNKI, COVIP, Wanfang, Chaoxing, CiNii, J-SSTAGE, DBpia, and ThaiJO with no language restrictions from inception to December 31, 2018 (updated on February 16, 2020), for randomized clinical trials comparing TCC with non-exercised therapy in breast cancer patients. The primary outcome was quality of life in patients with breast cancer and data pooled by a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of different durations of TCC for breast cancer patients. This study was registered in PROSPERO, number CRD 4201810326. Results: Fifteen articles involving a total of 885 breast cancer participants were included in this review. Compared with non-exercised therapy, TCC had a significant effect on quality of life in breast cancer patients (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.15-0.59, p = 0.001), and subgroup analysis found that TCC showed beneficial effect in 12 weeks and 25 weeks (12 weeks: SMD = 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.62, p = 0.0003; 25 weeks: SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.15-0.62, p = 0.002). Meta-analyses of secondary outcomes showed that 3 weeks TCC increased shoulder function (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI 0.28-1.87, p = 0.008), 12 weeks TCC improved pain (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI 0.08-0.51, p = 0.007), shoulder function (SMD = 1.34, 95% CI 0.43-2.25, p = 0.004), strength of arm (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.68, p = 0.0004), and anxiety (MD = -4.90, 95% CI -7.83 to -1.98, p = 0.001) in breast cancer patients compared with the control group. Conclusions: TCC appears to be effective on some physical and psychological symptoms and improves the quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Additional randomized controlled trials with a rigorous methodology and low risk of bias are needed to provide more reliable evidence.

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) as a typical mind-body practice has been investigated for its preventive role on negative emotions and has demonstrated its efficacy in healthy populations. However, the results are not consistent. We performed a meta-analysis and systematically evaluated the effect of TCC on selected negative emotions (i.e., anxiety and depression). Fourteen experimental studies from three English-and two Chinese-language databases were evaluated. The results showed that the positive effects of TCC on negative emotions were moderately to largely significant. In addition, although TCC significantly improved negative emotions in both the young adults and the older adults, old adults benefited more from TCC than young adults. These findings suggest that TCC is a worthy complementary non-pharmacological resource towards depression and anxiety and, thus, has great implications for the public health domain.

UNASSIGNED: Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is suggested to have beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence of the effect of TCC on bone mineral density (BMD) and its potential for prevention of osteoporosis.
UNASSIGNED: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to January 2017. Randomized controlled studies, case-control trials, prospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies which evaluated the effect of TCC on BMD were selected without any subject or language restriction.
UNASSIGNED: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria, including seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one case-control trial (CCT), and one cross-sectional study, encompassing a total of 1222 participants. Five studies showed statistically significant improvements in BMD after TCC, three studies showed nonsignificant intergroup differences, and one study provided no statistical evaluation of results. The studies with nonsignificant results tended to have a shorter total duration of TCC practice. Apart from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), two studies additionally used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) which showed statistically significant positive effects of TCC on preventing osteoporosis.
UNASSIGNED: TCC is beneficial to BMD and may be a cost-effective and preventive measure of osteoporosis. This beneficial effect is better observed in long-term TCC practice.
UNASSIGNED: The beneficial effect of TCC on BMD is suggested to be clinically translated to its potential for early rehabilitation and prevention of secondary osteoporosis in patients after surgical treatment of common osteoporotic fractures. The length of practicing TCC, the form and style of TCC, and the types of patient suitable for TCC are to be investigated in future studies.

BACKGROUND: Falls are the main cause of accidental death in the elderly people, which is associated with balance control ability and flexibility of the older adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TCC on the balance control and flexibility of the older adults.
METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library with the deadline of May 15th, 2014. This meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.0 software. The overall weighted mean difference (WMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 7 randomized controlled trials including 1088 participants (544 TCC practitioners and 544 participants with other interventions) were considered in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of Get up and Go test (WMD=1.04; 95%CI: 0.67-1.41; P<0.0001) indicated that TCC significantly shorten the completion time of Get up and Go test of the older adults, indicating flexibility of older adults was improved by practicing TCC. The overall estimates of the single-leg stand test (WMD=5.33; 95%CI: 3.35-7.32; P<0.0001) and Berg (balance) test (WMD=2.86; 95%CI: 1.91-3.81; P<0.0001) indicated that TCC could significantly prolong the time of single-leg stand and improve the balance control ability of older adults.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, TCC practice was beneficial to improve the balance control ability and flexibility of older adults, which may be the reason of preventing falls.

This review covers an introduction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), focusing on the traditional theoretic basis from the perspective of TCM regarding ADHD\'s cause, pathogenesis, methods of syndrome differentiation, and rationale for treatment. The authors present commonly accepted and successfully practiced clinical procedures used in China for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD by TCM clinicians along with the supportive clinical evidence. The authors hope to inspire more research to better understand the mechanisms underlying the therapies and to promote appropriate incorporation of TCM therapies with Western pharmacologic treatment to better help patients with ADHD.