OBJECTIVE: Cardiac function in patients with Parkinson\'s Disease (PD) is not well understood. We conducted a review of the literature to summarize all available data on the cardiac cycle in patients with PD and followed up the review with a case series to describe the cardiac cycle timing intervals in this patient population.
METHODS: Using the search terms (\"Cardiac cycle\" OR \"echocardiography\" OR \"LVET\" OR \"IVCT\" OR \"IVRT\" OR \"LVEF\" OR \"Systolic Dysfunction\" OR \"Diastolic Dysfunction\") AND (\"Parkinson\'s Disease\"), 514 studies were found with 19 included in the review.
RESULTS: Studies focused on the impact of medication, the presence of autonomic dysfunction, and resting-state, descriptive observational studies which considered the cardiac cycle. While inconsistent, the evidence suggests that patients with PD have some systolic dysfunction, with recent research implying the presence of subclinical systolic dysfunction. From the case series, 13 participants with PD were included and collected cardiac data daily for 6 weeks. Heart rate was consistent on a weekly basis at 67-71 bpm. Mean week-by-week cardiac parameters were also consistent with the systolic time interval at 332-348 ms, isovolumic relaxation time at 92-96 ms, and isovolumic contraction time at 34-36 ms.
CONCLUSIONS: These timing intervals add valuable normative values for this patient population and the review of the literature suggests that more research is required to better understand cardiac cycle timing intervals in patients with Parkinson\'s Disease.

Some patients in heart failure (HF) are able to withstand treatment, recover ejection fraction (EF) enough to require little or no further treatment. They belong to the distinct entity now called HF with recovered EF where patients start as HF with reduced EF and with treatment end up as HF with mid-range EF or even HF with preserved EF. This case report is on one such patient who presented in HF with features of dilated cardiomyopathy. With treatment, he promptly came out of HF, and myocardium remodeled toward recovery of function, which also reflected on electrocardiographic voltages. He remained out of failure despite deescalation of anti-failure regimen. Characterizing this group well will permit a paradigm shift in the management of HF; with the understanding that the myocardium can recover function or go into remission depending on underlying pathology.