在当前的职业格局和劳动力市场中,职业转型已成为职业发展的一个重要方面,对人力资源开发(HRD)的研究和实践具有重要意义。我们的研究检查了在不同职业过渡期间使用的支持类型,以及谁可以为职业过渡中的女性提供支持。我们调查了四种类型的社会支持-情感,评估,信息性,和工具性-以及它们在五种类型的职业过渡中的作用:从学校到工作的过渡,向上流动过渡,过渡到一个新的职业,向创业过渡,职业生涯重新进入过渡,过渡到退休。我们使用定向内容分析分析了80篇期刊文章,交叉制表,和非参数统计检验。工具支持似乎是这种职业过渡文献中最常见的社会支持类型。对于每种类型的职业过渡,评估支持的记录始终最少。我们的结果可能凸显了人际关系和内部资源在女性成功的职业转型中的重要性。根据我们的发现,我们为女性职业转型提供了一个社会支持网络模型,并倡导为预期和职业转型期间的女性扩大社会支持网络。我们的研究结果包含了如何支持女性过渡到下一个职业经历的见解。最后,我们对未来的研究提出了建议。
In the current career landscape and labor market, career transitions have become a critical aspect of career development and are significant for Human Resource Development (HRD) research and practice. Our research examines the type of support used during different career transitions and who can provide that support to women in career transition. We investigated four types of social support-emotional, appraisal, informational, and instrumental-and their roles in five types of career transitions: school-to-work transition, upward mobility transition, transition to a new profession, transition to entrepreneurship, career re-entry transition, and transition to retirement. We analyzed 80 journal articles using directed content analysis, cross-tabulation, and nonparametric statistical tests. Instrumental support appears to be the most commonly documented type of social support in this career transition literature. Appraisal support was consistently documented least for each type of career transition. Our results may highlight the importance of personal connections and internal resources in successful career transitions for women. Based on our findings, we offer a model of women\'s social support network for career transitions and advocate for expanded networks of social support for women anticipating and during career transitions. The results of our study contain insights for how women can be supported in transitioning to the next career experience. We conclude with suggestions for future research.