磺胺类药物,这是医院和门诊病人常用的药物,历史上与超敏反应的高发生率有关。据信与在其结构中含有该官能团的其他药物发生交叉反应的风险增加。然而,尚未确定磺胺类基团是超敏反应的唯一原因,因为非抗生素磺胺类与抗生素磺胺类不共享相同的辅助基团。因此,不同类型的磺胺类和磺胺类抗生素之间的交叉反应性没有明确证明,和过敏反应可能涉及其他机制。有关此主题的错误信息可能导致不适当使用替代抗生素,但疗效较低或不良反应较高,导致抗生素耐药性。在引入含有磺胺的新药时,对对磺胺类抗生素有过敏史的患者进行个性化和监测至关重要,并迅速处理任何不良反应。脱敏方案可能是一个可行的选择,患者谁特别受益于这些抗生素,特别是那些免疫抑制的人。本文提供了描述性书目审查,以更新有关磺胺过敏的信息,其患病率,管理,以及预防此类反应和优化药物治疗的建议,而不用这些药物。
Sulfonamides, which are drugs commonly prescribed in hospital and outpatient settings, have historically been associated with a high incidence of hypersensitivity reactions. It is believed that there is an increased risk of cross-reactions with other drugs that contain this functional group in their structure. However, it has not been conclusively established that the
sulfonamide group is the sole cause of hypersensitivity reactions, as non-antibiotic sulfonamides do not share the same accessory groups with antibiotic sulfonamides. Therefore, cross-reactivity between different types of sulfonamides and
sulfonamide-type antibiotics is not clearly demonstrated, and allergic reactions may involve other mechanisms. Misinformation about this topic can lead to inappropriate use of alternative antibiotics with lower efficacy or higher adverse effects, contributing to antibiotic resistance. It is crucial to individualize and monitor patients with a history of allergies to
sulfonamide-type antibiotics when introducing a new drug containing sulfa and manage any adverse reactions promptly. Desensitization protocols may be a viable option for patients who specifically benefit from these antibiotics, particularly those who are immunosuppressed. This article provides a descriptive bibliographic
review to update information on sulfa allergy, its prevalence, management, and recommendations to prevent such reactions and optimize pharmacotherapy, without underusing these drugs.