与全球气候变化相关的不断升级的天气事件和气温上升对作物生产的威胁越来越大。植物进化了适应机制,包括压力记忆,为了应对非生物胁迫,如热,干旱,和盐度。压力记忆涉及启动,植物记得以前的压力暴露,对随后的应激事件提供增强的反应。压力记忆可以表现为躯体,代际,或者跨代记忆,坚持不同的持续时间。染色质,基因表达的中央调节因子,经历DNA乙酰化等修饰,甲基化,和组蛋白变化对非生物胁迫的反应。组蛋白修改,如H3K4me3和乙酰化,在调节基因表达中起着至关重要的作用。干旱和盐度等非生物胁迫是作物生产的重大挑战,导致产量下降。植物对压力的反应涉及逃避等策略,回避,和宽容,每个对生长阶段的影响不同。土壤盐分通过破坏水势影响植物生长,引起离子毒性,抑制营养吸收。了解植物对这些胁迫的反应需要了解组蛋白介导的修饰,染色质重塑,以及小RNA在应激记忆中的作用。组蛋白介导的修饰,包括乙酰化和甲基化,有助于表观遗传应激记忆,影响植物对环境应激源的适应。染色质重塑在非生物应激反应中起着至关重要的作用,影响应激相关基因的表达。小RNA;miRNA和siRNA,通过指导DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰参与应激记忆途径。这些表观遗传机制的相互作用有助于植物适应反复出现的胁迫事件并增强其恢复力。总之,揭示植物对非生物胁迫的反应中的表观遗传机制为开发有弹性的农业技术提供了有价值的见解。了解植物如何利用压力记忆,组蛋白修饰,染色质重塑,小RNA对于设计策略以减轻气候变化对作物生产和全球粮食安全的影响至关重要。
Crop production is increasingly threatened by the escalating weather events and rising temperatures associated with global climate change. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms, including stress memory, to cope with abiotic stresses such as heat, drought, and salinity. Stress memory involves priming, where plants remember prior stress exposures, providing enhanced responses to subsequent stress events. Stress memory can manifest as somatic, intergenerational, or transgenerational memory, persisting for different durations. The chromatin, a central regulator of gene expression, undergoes modifications like DNA acetylation, methylation, and histone variations in response to abiotic stress. Histone modifications, such as H3K4me3 and acetylation, play crucial roles in regulating gene expression. Abiotic stresses like drought and salinity are significant challenges to crop production, leading to yield reductions. Plant responses to stress involve strategies like escape, avoidance, and tolerance, each influencing growth stages differently. Soil salinity affects plant growth by disrupting water potential, causing ion toxicity, and inhibiting nutrient uptake. Understanding plant responses to these stresses requires insights into histone-mediated modifications, chromatin remodeling, and the role of small RNAs in stress memory. Histone-mediated modifications, including acetylation and methylation, contribute to epigenetic stress memory, influencing plant adaptation to environmental stressors. Chromatin remodeling play a crucial role in abiotic stress responses, affecting the expression of stress-related genes. Small RNAs; miRNAs and siRNAs, participate in stress memory pathways by guiding DNA methylation and histone modifications. The interplay of these epigenetic mechanisms helps plants adapt to recurring stress events and enhance their resilience. In conclusion, unraveling the epigenetic mechanisms in plant responses to abiotic stresses provides valuable insights for developing resilient agricultural techniques. Understanding how plants utilize stress memory, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and small RNAs is crucial for designing strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production and global food security.