对阿拉伯语的非典型语音发展的研究非常有限,迄今为止,尚无有关阿拉伯语的研究调查患有唐氏综合症等疾病的儿童的语音发展。阿拉伯语,像其他闪族语言一样,辅音和辅音变异丰富。然而,不同地区差别很大,因此,关于个别方言或区域方言的报道是必要的。科威特阿拉伯语,本文的重点,与海湾地区的其他方言相似。
这是一项初步研究,旨在研究患有唐氏综合症的学龄期科威特阿拉伯语儿童的语音发展,以便开始解决上述研究差距。
从综合公立学校招募了六名讲阿拉伯语的科威特儿童参加这项试点研究,这些学校在科威特国招收残疾儿童和通常发育中的儿童:三名男性学生和三名女性学生,5岁;10-12岁;3岁。所有参与者都有相同的100个单词的单个单词语音测试。第一作者,以科威特阿拉伯语为母语的人,在两名来自科威特的语言病理学家的帮助下,录音和语音转录了样本。第一作者和另一位专家评估者证实了可靠性。进行匹配和错配分析并与现有文献进行比较。
参与者的总体辅音准确率为50%,在辅音类别中进行各种匹配。然而,参与者还在单词和语音特征的位置上表现出广泛的不匹配(地点,manner,和喉部特征)。位置替换是最常见的。有些声音表现出双重(地点和方式)不匹配。最常见的单词结构不匹配是辅音簇减少(单词初始簇没有匹配)。错配模式在某些方面类似于正常发育的科威特儿童和讲英语的唐氏综合症的儿童。
这项初步研究为临床医生提供了有关唐氏综合症(DS)的言语或儿童的初步信息。不仅在科威特,而且在海湾地区与科威特阿拉伯语有相似之处。
Studies on atypical phonological development are very limited for Arabic, and to date no studies on Arabic have investigated the development of phonology in children with conditions such as Down Syndrome. Arabic, like other Semitic languages, is rich in consonants and consonantal variation. However, it differs greatly from region to region, and so reports on individual dialects or regional dialects are necessary. Kuwaiti Arabic, the focus of the present paper, is similar to other dialects in the Gulf region.
This is a preliminary
study to examine the phonological development of school-aged Kuwaiti Arabic-speaking children with Down Syndrome in order to start to address the research gap noted above.
Six Kuwaiti Arabic-speaking children were recruited for this pilot
study from integrated public schools where children with disabilities and typically developing children are enrolled in the State of Kuwait: three male and three female students, age range of 5;10-12;3 years. All participants had the same single word speech test of 100 words. The first author, a native speaker of Kuwaiti Arabic, audio-recorded and phonetically transcribed the sample with the help of two speech-language pathologists from Kuwait. Reliability was confirmed by the first author and another expert rater. Both match and mismatch analyses were performed and compared to existing literature.
Overall consonant accuracy across participants was 50%, with a variety of matches across consonant categories. However, the participants also exhibited a wide range of mismatches across positions in words and phonological features (place, manner, and laryngeal features). Place substitutions were the most frequent. Some sounds exhibited double (place and manner) mismatches. The most common word structure mismatch was consonant cluster reduction (no matches for word-initial clusters). Mismatch patterns resembled both those of normally developing Kuwaiti children and those of English speakers with Down Syndrome in certain ways.
This pilot
study provides preliminary information for clinicians regarding the speech or children with Down Syndrome (DS), not only in Kuwait but also in the Gulf region where there are similarities to Kuwaiti Arabic.