小角中子散射(SANS)是研究软凝聚态物质的一种强大而新颖的工具,包括用于药物发现和递送的微观和纳米材料。样品暴露于中子束,发生中子散射,将其作为散射角的函数进行研究,以推断有关材料动力学和结构的各种信息。该技术在生物医学研究中变得非常流行,以研究结构生物学的各个方面。关于大异构的低分辨率信息,使用氘标记和溶剂对比变化可获得溶液中溶解的生物大分子复合物。本文回顾了SANS技术的基础知识,它在药物递送研究中的应用,及其在生物医学研究中的现状。这篇文章涵盖并概述了生物结构的精确表征(膜,囊泡,溶液中的蛋白质),介孔结构,胶体,和表面活性剂,以及环糊精复合物,脂质复合物,聚合物纳米颗粒,等。,在中子散射的帮助下.SANS作为探索复杂生物分子世界的媒介不断发展,提供有关结构的信息,composition,和各种成分的排列。随着数据减少和新中子研究设施的开发,建模软件自动化的提高,SANS有望继续成为生物医学研究的主流。
Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) is a powerful and novel tool for the
study of soft condensed matter, including the microscopic and nanomaterials used for drug discovery and delivery. The sample is exposed to a neutron beam, and neutron scattering occurs, which is studied as a function of the scattering angle to deduce a variety of information about the dynamics and structure of the material. The technique is becoming very popular in biomedical research to investigate the various aspects of structural biology. The low-resolution information on large heterogeneous, solubilized biomacromolecular complexes in solution is obtained with the use of deuterium labelling and solvent contrast variation. The article reviews the basics of the SANS technique, its applications in drug delivery research, and its current status in biomedical research. The article covers and overviews the precise characterization of biological structures (membranes, vesicles, proteins in solution), mesoporous structures, colloids, and surfactants, as well as cyclodextrin complexes, lipid complexes, polymeric nanoparticles, etc., with the help of neutron scattering. SANS is continuously evolving as a medium for exploring the complex world of biomolecules, providing information regarding the structure, composition, and arrangement of various constituents. With improving modelling software automation in data reduction and the development of new neutron research facilities, SANS can be expected to remain mainstream for biomedical research.