储能材料在我们日常生活中的应用越来越多,用于手机和电动汽车等设备。目前商用电池使用易燃液体电解质,是不安全的,有毒,和环境不友好,化学稳定性低。最近,固体电解质作为替代电解质已被广泛研究以解决这些缺点。在这里,我们报道了早期的历史,合成和表征,机械性能,无机硫化物和氧化物电解质的Li离子传输机制。此外,我们强调制造技术和实验条件的重要性,如压力和操作参数的影响,研究了全固态锂离子电池的电化学性能。特别是,我们强调有前途的电解质体系,基于硫化物和泥质岩,如LiPS5Cl和β-Li3PS4,氧化物电解质,裸和掺杂的Li7La3Zr2O12石榴石,NASICON型结构,和钙钛矿电解质材料。此外,我们讨论了全固态电池在大规模工业应用中面临的当前和未来挑战。
Energy storage materials are finding increasing applications in our daily lives, for devices such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Current commercial batteries use flammable liquid electrolytes, which are unsafe, toxic, and environmentally unfriendly with low chemical stability. Recently, solid electrolytes have been extensively studied as alternative electrolytes to address these shortcomings. Herein, we report the early history, synthesis and characterization, mechanical properties, and Li+ ion transport mechanisms of inorganic sulfide and oxide electrolytes. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of the fabrication technology and experimental conditions, such as the effects of pressure and operating parameters, on the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state Li batteries. In particular, we emphasize promising electrolyte systems based on sulfides and argyrodites, such as LiPS5Cl and β-Li3PS4, oxide electrolytes, bare and doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet, NASICON-type structures, and perovskite electrolyte materials. Moreover, we discuss the present and future challenges that all-solid-state batteries face for large-scale industrial applications.