塑料制品广泛应用于世界各地,但是废塑料没有得到合理的管理,导致严重的塑料污染。生物可降解塑料(BP)提供了传统塑料的替代品,但并非所有BP在自然条件下都能完全降解。相反,它们可能比传统塑料更快地分解成微塑料(MPs),对土壤环境构成额外威胁。在本文中,定义,应用程序,和BP的降解行为,包括可生物降解的微塑料(BMPs),被审查,全面总结了BMPs对土壤生态系统的生态毒理效应,就土壤的物理和化学性质而言,土壤养分循环,土壤细菌和真菌群落,土壤动植物。还讨论了BMP和其他污染物的复合效应。结果表明,与常规MP相比,BMP产生了不同或更严重的影响。总的来说,这篇综述旨在解决知识差距,阐明了BPs和BMPs在土壤中的生态效应。BP不是解决塑料污染的完美替代品,进一步的探索应该集中在他们这一代人身上,环境行为,生态影响以及BMP是否比传统MP造成更大的危害。
Plastic products are widely used around the world, but waste plastic is not reasonably managed and causes serious plastic pollution. Biodegradable plastics (BPs) provide an alternative to conventional plastics, but not all BPs can be completely degraded under natural conditions. Instead, they may break down into microplastics (MPs) faster than conventional plastics, posing an additional threat to soil environment. In this paper, the definition, applications, and degradation behaviors of BPs, including biodegradable microplastics (BMPs), are reviewed, and we comprehensively summarized the eco-toxicological effects of BMPs in soil ecosystems, in terms of physical and chemical properties of soil, soil nutrient cycling, soil bacterial and fungal communities, soil flora and fauna. The compound effects of BMPs and other pollutants were also addressed. The results revealed that BMPs made different or more severely effects compared to conventional MPs. Overall, this
review aims to address gaps in knowledge, shed light on the ecological effects of BPs and BMPs in soil. BPs are not a perfect substitute to solve plastic pollution, and further exploration should focus on their generation, environmental behavior, ecological impact and whether BMPs cause more harm than conventional MPs.