Abstract：
Enhancing crop yield to accommodate the ever-increasing world population has become critical, and diminishing arable land has pressured current agricultural practices. Intensive farming methods have been using more pesticides and insecticides (biocides), culminating in soil deposition, negatively impacting the microbiome. Hence, a deeper understanding of the interaction and impact of pesticides and insecticides on microbial communities is required for the scientific community. This review highlights the recent findings concerning the possible impacts of biocides on various soil microorganisms and their diversity. This review\'s bibliometric analysis emphasised the recent developments\' statistics based on the Scopus document search. Pesticides and insecticides are reported to degrade microbes\' structure, cellular processes, and distinct biochemical reactions at cellular and biochemical levels. Several biocides disrupt the relationship between plants and their microbial symbionts, hindering beneficial biological activities that are widely discussed. Most microbial target sites of or receptors are biomolecules, and biocides bind with the receptor through a ligand-based mechanism. The biomarker action mechanism in response to biocides relies on activating the receptor site by specific biochemical interactions. The production of electrophilic or nucleophilic species, free radicals, and redox-reactive agents are the significant factors of biocide\'s metabolic reaction. Most studies considered for the review reported the negative impact of biocides on the soil microbial community; hence, technological development is required regarding eco-friendly pesticide and insecticide, which has less or no impact on the soil microbial community.
摘要：
提高作物产量以适应不断增长的世界人口已变得至关重要，耕地的减少给当前的农业实践带来了压力。集约化耕作方法一直在使用更多的杀虫剂和杀虫剂(杀生物剂)，最终导致土壤沉积，对微生物组产生负面影响。因此，科学界需要更深入地了解农药和杀虫剂对微生物群落的相互作用和影响。这篇综述重点介绍了有关杀生物剂对各种土壤微生物及其多样性的可能影响的最新发现。这篇评论的文献计量分析强调了基于Scopus文档搜索的最新发展。据报道，农药和杀虫剂可以降解微生物结构，细胞过程，以及细胞和生化水平上不同的生化反应。几种杀菌剂破坏了植物与其微生物共生体之间的关系，阻碍广泛讨论的有益生物活性。或受体的大多数微生物靶位点是生物分子，杀生物剂通过基于配体的机制与受体结合。响应于杀生物剂的生物标志物作用机制依赖于通过特定的生物化学相互作用激活受体位点。亲电或亲核物质的产生，自由基,和氧化还原反应剂是杀菌剂代谢反应的重要因素。审查考虑的大多数研究报告了杀生物剂对土壤微生物群落的负面影响；因此，需要在生态友好型农药和杀虫剂方面进行技术开发，对土壤微生物群落的影响较小或没有影响。
