BACKGROUND: Hemangiomas of the small intestine are rare and usually present in young people. They are very difficult to diagnose preoperatively. We report a rare case of mixed intestinal hemangioma (IH) causing intussusception in a pediatric patient.
METHODS: A 3-month-old girl, with no prior medical or surgical history, was admitted with rectal bleeding and paroxysmal crying due to intermittent abdominal pain. An urgent abdominal ultrasound revealed ileo-ileal intussusception. Operative findings confirmed the intussusception, and a segmental resection of the intussuscepted jejunum was performed. Histopathological examination found a mixed hemangioma. The postoperative course was uneventful.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical presentation may include intestinal bleeding leading to anemia, obstruction, intussusception and perforation. Intussusception caused by small bowel hemangioma is extremely rare. Notably, we didn\'t find any cases of small bowel hemangioma revealed by intussusception in children. The main treatment for hemangiomas is surgical resection of the affected segment. No evidence in the literature on postoperative recurrence of hemangiomas.
CONCLUSIONS: Intussusception secondary to intestinal hemangiomas is extremely rare. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging as they are often undetectable with traditional techniques. Enhanced awareness and understanding of this condition can facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve management outcomes.

BACKGROUND: After approval for clinical use in 2017 early investigations of ultra-high-field abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have demonstrated the feasibility as well as diagnostic capabilities of liver, kidney, and prostate MRI at 7-Tesla. However, the elevation of the field strength to 7-Tesla not only brought advantages to abdominal MRI but also presented considerable challenges and drawbacks, primarily stemming from heightened artifacts and limitations in Specific Absorption Rate, etc. Furthermore, evidence in the literature is relatively scarce concerning human studies in comparison to phantom/animal studies which necessitates an investigation into the evidence so far in humans and summarizing all relevant evidence.
OBJECTIVE: To offer a comprehensive overview of current literature on clinical abdominal 7T MRI that emphasizes current trends, details relevant challenges, and provides a concise set of potential solutions.
METHODS: This systematic review adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A PubMed search, utilizing Medical Subject Headings terms such as \"7-Tesla\" and organ-specific terms, was conducted for articles published between January 1, 1985, and July 25, 2023. Eligibility criteria included studies exploring 7T MRI for imaging human abdominal organs, encompassing various study types (in-vivo/ex-vivo, method development, reviews/meta-analyses). Exclusion criteria involved animal studies and those lacking extractable data. Study selection involved initial identification via title/abstract, followed by a full-text review by two researchers, with discrepancies resolved through discussion. Data extraction covered publication details, study design, population, sample size, 7T MRI protocol, image characteristics, endpoints, and conclusions.
RESULTS: The systematic review included a total of 21 studies. The distribution of clinical 7T abdominal imaging studies revealed a predominant focus on the prostate (n = 8), followed by the kidney (n = 6) and the hepatobiliary system (n = 5). Studies on these organs, and in the pancreas, demonstrated clear advantages at 7T. However, small bowel studies showed no significant improvements compared to traditional MRI at 1.5T. The majority of studies evaluated originated from Germany (n = 10), followed by the Netherlands (n = 5), the United States (n = 5), Austria (n = 2), the United Kingdom (n = 1), and Italy (n = 1).
CONCLUSIONS: Further increase of abdominal clinical MRI field strength to 7T demonstrated high imaging potential, yet also limitations mainly due to the inhomogeneous radiofrequency (RF) excitation field relative to lower field strengths. Hence, further optimization of dedicated RF coil elements and pulse sequences are expected to better optimize clinical imaging at high magnetic field strength.

UNASSIGNED: The diagnosis of small bowel diseases is challenging and device assisted enteroscopy (DAE) is a technique for visualizing the entire small bowel. DAE is considered as a safe procedure and the reported rate of adverse events associated with DAE in the literature is low.
UNASSIGNED: The present study tried to investigate the actual incidence of AP after DAE with a systematic review and meta-analysis of available relevant studies.
UNASSIGNED: Studies were searched through the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The following data were extracted from all eligible studies: author, country, publication year, publication type, study design, type of DAE used, route of DAE, number of patients with AP after DAE, and number of patients with hyperamylasemia after DAE.A random-effects model with RStudio version 4.2.0 was performed in all analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria and the publication bias was assessed by the Egger test.
UNASSIGNED: Twenty three studies involving a total of 11145 patients were included in the analysis. The overall, pooled AP rate after DAE was 1% (95% CI:0-1%). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 65%; P < 0.01).The pooled AP rate was 1% (95% CI:0-2 %)in peroral route group. The pooled proportion of patients having hyperamylasemia after DAE was 29% (95% CI: 16-46%).Among the patients who had hyperamylasemia AP were identified in 2% (95% CI: 0-6%) of patients.
UNASSIGNED: The incidence of AP after DAE is about 1%. Hyperamylasemia is a common change in the patients undergoing DAE and only 2% of the patients with hyperamylasemia present with AP.

Gastrointestinal clear cell sarcoma (GICCS)/malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (GNET) is an extremely rare form of cancer with aggressive clinical behavior. It has distinct pathological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular features. Herein, we present the case of a 20-year-old woman with no notable medical history who presented to the outpatient department with complaints of abdominal pain and vomiting. Symptoms had been evolving for 3 months. The physical examination revealed slight abdominal tenderness and melena. Biological investigations revealed iron-deficiency anemia. The upper and lower endoscopies showed no abnormalities. Magnetic resonance enterography revealed small bowel wall thickening of 15 mm × 2 mm. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an ileal mass with mesenteric lymphadenopathy. A wide resection of the mass was then performed. The final pathological report confirmed the diagnosis of small bowel GICCS/GNET. After 11 months of follow-up, the patient presented with mesenteric lymph node metastases.

Minimally invasive surgery uses several procedures with fewer side effects (bleeding, infections, etc.), a shorter hospital stay, and less discomfort following minimally invasive surgery. Laparoscopy was one of the first forms of minimally invasive surgery. It involves doing surgery while using tiny cameras through one or more small incisions, surgical tools along with tubes. Robotic surgery is another kind of minimally invasive procedure. Along with supporting accurate, flexible, and regulated surgical procedures, it provides the physician with a three-dimensional, enlarged view of the operative site. Minimally invasive surgery continues to advance, making it an advantage for patients with a variety of illnesses. Nowadays, many surgeons prefer it to traditional surgery, which frequently necessitates a longer hospital stay and requires larger incisions. Since then, numerous surgical specialties have greatly increased their use of minimally invasive surgery. A minimally invasive procedure is preferred for the majority of patients who require gastrointestinal surgery. Minimally invasive gastrointestinal procedures are just as successful as open procedures and, in some situations, may result in more effective outcomes. While recovery from open surgeries frequently takes five to ten days in the hospital, minimally invasive surgeries are less painful for patients and hasten recovery. It is safe from the perspective of the patient and has a lower postoperative mortality rate. This procedure involves a learning curve among surgeons.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a prevalent source of hospital-acquired diarrhea. The most common presentation of CDI is colitis. In cases of fulminant colitis/toxic megacolon, a colectomy and end ileostomy are part of the treatment plan. There is evidence to suggest that it may be beneficial to surgically treat severe complex CDI by constructing a loop ileostomy for fecal stream diversion followed by colonic lavage, also referred to as the Pittsburgh protocol, which has demonstrated decreased death rates in this patient population. In our case study, we present a rare case of a 60-year-old female patient diagnosed with fulminant small bowel CDI requiring resection of the necrotic small bowel. This was followed by creating an ileostomy and the Pittsburgh protocol, leading to a complete recovery. With an increasing incidence of CDI, it is important to be aware of the small bowel C. difficile infection and its treatment.

Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a benign condition characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of adipose tissue mainly of the small bowel mesentery. MP is commonly detected incidentally on cross-sectional imaging of the abdomen and can be asymptomatic in up to nearly half of patients. The most frequent clinical symptom reported is abdominal pain, followed by bloating/distention, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, fever, malaise, and nausea. On computed tomography, MP is seen as a mass-like area of increased fat attenuation within the small bowel mesentery, usually located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. This mass-like area envelops mesenteric vessels and displaces adjacent bowel segments. Lymph nodes are frequently seen within the area of mesenteric abnormality. One of the most common differential diagnoses of MP is lymphoma, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography may be performed if there is suspicion of a concurrent underlying malignancy. Because of the benign nature of MP, treatment decisions should be guided by severity of symptoms and presence of complications. First-line medical treatment is prednisone and tamoxifen. Surgery is reserved for cases of recurrent bowel obstruction. This article provides a review of MP, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining adequate nutritional status can be a challenge for patients with small bowel neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Surgical resection could result in short bowel syndrome (SBS), whilst without surgical resection there is a considerable risk of ischemia or developing an inoperable malignant bowel obstruction (IMBO). SBS or IMBO are forms of intestinal failure (IF) which might require treatment with home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Limited data exist regarding the use of HPN in patients with small bowel neuroendocrine tumours, and it is not frequently considered as a possible treatment.
METHODS: A systematic review was performed regarding patients with small bowel NETs and IF to report on overall survival and HPN-related complications and create awareness for this treatment.
RESULTS: Five articles regarding patients with small bowel NETs or a subgroup of patients with NETs could be identified, mainly case series with major concerns regarding bias. The studies included 60 patients (range 1-41). The overall survival time varied between 0.5 and 154 months on HPN. However, 58% of patients were alive 1 year after commencing HPN. The reported catheter-related bloodstream infection rate was 0.64-2 per 1000 catheter days.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review demonstrates the feasibility of the use of HPN in patients with NETs and IF in expert centres with a reasonable 1-year survival rate and low complication rate. Further research is necessary to compare patients with NETs and IF with and without HPN and the effect of HPN on their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: The role of small-bowel (SB) cancer surveillance by capsule endoscopy (CE) in Lynch syndrome (LS) patients has been investigated in recent years, with contradicting results. This meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic yield (DY) of CE as a screening tool in asymptomatic LS patients.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for all studies reporting the results of SB cancer screening in patients with LS. The primary outcome was the evaluation of the DY of CE in this setting for consecutive screening rounds.
RESULTS: Five studies comprising 428 patients and CE 677 procedures were included for data extraction and statistical analysis. The estimated pooled DY for CE-identified pathological findings was 8% in the first screening round and 6% in the second. Limiting the analysis to histologically-confirmed pathological findings, the pooled DY of second-round screening dropped to 0%. The included studies showed a significantly different prevalence of pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (path_MMR) genes, which underlie different cumulative incidences of extracolonic cancers.
CONCLUSIONS: SB surveillance by CE with a 2-year interval in asymptomatic LS individuals does not appear to be an effective screening strategy. Confirmatory prospective studies in this context are needed, considering the different cumulative incidence of SB tumors according to underlying path_MMR defects.

We present a case report of a pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma that metastasized to the jejunum in an 80-year-old woman. The patient was admitted to the hospital with symptomatic anemia and melena that had been ongoing for several months. In 2021, non-small cell carcinoma was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration. In 2022, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an enormous mass in the small bowel. The tumor was resected and showed pleomorphic neoplastic cells with giant and spindle cell morphology. These neoplastic cells were positive for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1). Next-generation sequencing of the secondary tumor revealed 97% genomic similarities to the lung tumor and high expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The patient may benefit from immune checkpoint therapy.