UNASSIGNED: Obesity causes many health problems and affects the quality and duration of life negatively. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sex steroids, insulin resistance and body compositions in obese women.
UNASSIGNED: This study was carried out on a sample of 150 premenopausal women who were referred to the Outpatient Clinic of Family Medicine between 2014-2015. A survey about their socio-demographic characteristics was carried out, and anthropometric parameters were measured. LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), total/free testosterone levels were measured in the blood. Body compositions were assessed with a bioelectrical impedance device. For insulin resistance, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) was calculated.
UNASSIGNED: In our study, a significant association was found between high glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG, insulin, insulin resistance and low HDL-C, SHBG, DHEA-S levels with obesity (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between estradiol, total/free testosterone and obesity (p>0.05).
UNASSIGNED: In our study, high glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c, TG, insulin, insulin resistance and low HDL-C, SHBG, DHEA-S levels were associated with obesity. This relationship leads to many diseases, especially diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, obesity is a disease that needs to be monitored closely, frequently and treated properly.
UNASSIGNED: Gojaznost izaziva mnoge zdravstvene probleme i negativno utiče na kvalitet života i životni vek. Cilj nam je bio da istražimo vezu između polnih steroida, insulinske rezistencije i telesne kompozicije kod gojaznih žena.
UNASSIGNED: Ova studija je sprovedena na uzorku od 150 žena u perimenopauzi koje su posetile ambulantu porodične medicine u periodu 2014-2015. Primenjeno je istraživanje o njihovim socio-demografskim karakteristikama i izmereni su antropometrijski parametri. Iz krvi su izmereni LDL-C, HDL-C, ukupni holesterol, trigliceridi, glukoza, insulin, globulin koji vezuje polni hormon (SHBG), estradiol, dehidroepiandrosteron sulfat (DHEA-S), i nivoi ukupnog/slobodnog testosterona. Telesne kompozicije su procenjene pomoću uređaja sa bioelektričnom impedansom. Za rezistenciju na insulin, izračunat je Homa model (HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment).
UNASSIGNED: U našoj studiji je pronađena značajna povezanost između visoke glukoze, ukupnog holesterola, LDL-C, TG, insulina, rezistencije na insulin i niskog nivoa HDL-C, SHBG, DHEA-S i gojaznosti (p<0,05). Nije bilo statistički značajne veze između estradiola, ukupnog/slobodnog testosterona i gojaznosti (p>0,05).
UNASSIGNED: Naša studija je ukazala da su sledeći faktori bili povezani sa gojaznošću: visoka glukoza, ukupni holesterol, LDL-C, TG, insulin, insulinska rezistencija i niski nivoi HDLC, SHBG, DHEA-S. Ovaj odnos dovodi do mnogih bolesti, posebno dijabetes melitusa i kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Dakle, gojaznost je bolest koju treba pažljivo pratiti i redovno tretirati na odgovarajući način.

The knowledge of how temperature influences elasmobranchs reproductive physiology allows a better understanding of their reproductive patterns. This study describes the relationship between temperature fluctuations and the plasmatic changes of the sex steroids related to reproduction: testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), throughout the female reproductive cycle of the shark Mustelus schmitti. A total of 123 adult females were bi-monthly sampled in Buenos Aires, Argentina, coastal waters. Bottom temperatures were recorded at each sampling point and blood samples were taken from each female for plasma sex steroids measurement. Sex steroid plasma levels were analyzed in relation with maximum follicular diameter (MFD), uterosomatic index (USI, as indicator of pregnancy) and temperature using Generalized Additive Models. Plasmatic E2 and T increased during follicular growth until MFD reached 1.34 and 1.46 cm, respectively. Peak of T occurred at the follicular stage associated with parturition (MFD, 1.4-1.6 cm), just prior to final maturation and ovulation (MFD, 1.6-2.0 cm). Progesterone significantly increased at this last ovarian phase, while T and E2 decreased. The increase of USI with pregnancy was associated to a decrease in T and mainly E2 levels, while P4 remained unaffected. Prior to ovulation, T plasma levels decreased with temperature below to 13 °C and then increased progressively with a pronounced elevation above 17 °C, while E2 presented an opposite pattern. Progesterone plasma levels changed with temperature showing a similar pattern to that observed for T. Using M. schmitti shark as model species, this study shows a clear picture of how seawater temperature variations can affect the reproductive physiology in elasmobranch females. A hypothetical mechanism (based on T elevation driven by temperature increase and its connection by feedback with a P4 rise and parturition/ovulation induction) is proposed as evidence to support that the increase in temperature can trigger reproductive events in elasmobranchs. In addition to its ecological scope, this work contributes to reinforce the relatively scarce general knowledge of elasmobranchs reproductive physiology.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and parity are associated with subsequent breast cancer risk. Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest a role for pregnancy sex steroid hormones.
METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study in the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort (1975-2007). Eligible women had provided a blood sample in the first 20 weeks of gestation during a primiparous pregnancy leading to a term delivery. The current study includes 223 cases and 417 matched controls (matching factors: age at and date of blood collection). Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status was available for all cases; androgen receptor (AR) data were available for 41% of cases (n = 92). Sex steroids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: Higher concentrations of circulating progesterone in early pregnancy were inversely associated with ER+/PR+ breast cancer risk (ORlog2: 0.64 (0.41-1.00)). Higher testosterone was positively associated with ER+/PR+ disease risk (ORlog2: 1.57 (1.13-2.18)). Early pregnancy estrogens were not associated with risk, except for relatively high estradiol in the context of low progesterone (split at median, relative to low concentrations of both; OR: 1.87 (1.11-3.16)). None of the investigated hormones were associated with ER-/PR- disease, or with AR+ or AR+/ER+/PR+ disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with experimental models, high progesterone in early pregnancy was associated with lower risk of ER+/PR+ breast cancer in the mother. High circulating testosterone in early pregnancy, which likely reflects nonpregnant premenopausal exposure, was associated with higher risk of ER+/PR+ disease.