UNASSIGNED: Despite widespread efforts by many countries to reduce the prevalence of unmet healthcare needs within their populations, there remains a scarcity of research systematically exploring the components of these needs.
UNASSIGNED: This study aims to deconstruct subjective unmet healthcare needs into two distinct components: the experience of subjective healthcare needs (the \"Needs\" component) and the experience of unmet needs contingent on those healthcare needs (the \"Unmet\" component).
UNASSIGNED: This analysis utilizes data from 13,359 adults aged 19 or older, collected through the 2018 Korea Health Panel survey, with the aim of minimizing the influence of the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. The two dependent variables are the experience of subjective healthcare needs and whether these needs have been met. The independent variables include 15 socio-demographic, health, and functional characteristics. The study employs both a population proportion analysis and a multivariable bivariate probit model with sample selection.
UNASSIGNED: In South Korea, 11.6% (CI [confidence interval] = 11.0-12.3%) of the population experienced subjective unmet healthcare needs. Upon deconstructing these, 96.7% (CI = 96.2-97.1%) of the population exhibited the Needs component, and 12.0% (CI = 11.4-12.7%) displayed the Unmet component. Each independent variable showed different associations between the two components. Furthermore, effective interventions targeting the characteristics associated with each component could reduce the proportion of the population experiencing subjective unmet healthcare needs from 11.6 to 4.0%.
UNASSIGNED: South Korea faces a significant challenge due to the considerable prevalence of subjective unmet healthcare needs. To address this challenge effectively, the universal healthcare coverage system should adapt its approach based on the characteristics associated with both the Needs and Unmet components of subjective unmet healthcare needs. To achieve this goal, it is highly recommended that the government prioritize strengthening community-based primary healthcare, which currently suffers from insufficient resources.

It is increasingly recognized that restoration actions in marine environments are required in order to deal with continued habitat degradation and to support conservation strategies. Restoration success is judged on the ecological outcomes but with limited resources the magnitude of the societal benefits achieved is an important consideration for policy makers. This study demonstrates how the potential non-market benefit value of a deep-sea restoration project might be assessed. The contingent valuation method is employed to elicit the Italian population\'s willingness to pay for the restoration of the Dohrn deep-sea canyon in the Bay of Naples. Sample selection models that control for the impact of protest zero bidders on benefit value estimation are compared to more traditional modelling approaches. The results indicate a positive willingness to pay for the restoration of the canyon ecosystem and the importance of accounting for protest zero bidders in contingent valuation studies, especially when the environmental good is unfamiliar to respondents. The paper argues that the inclusion of non-market benefit values is particularly important in assessing the potential for marine ecosystem restoration if a true reflection of the value to society of restoring such habitats are to be correctly captured.