背景:乳腺癌仍然是全世界女性的普遍威胁,随着发病率的增加,需要有效的筛查策略。用乳房X线照相术及时检测已成为大规模筛查的主要工具。这项回顾性研究,这是Chiraiya项目的一部分,旨在评估在查mu省的机会性乳房X线摄影筛查营地中发现的乳腺病变患者,印度。
方法:在五年的时间里,共有1505名年龄在40岁及以上的女性使用移动乳房X线摄影装置进行了筛查,不包括2020年和2021年由于COVID-19大流行。纳入标准是指定年龄组的女性,虽然排除标准是乳房开放性伤口的女性,乳腺癌史或乳房手术史。筛选过程涉及使用详细的形式进行全面的数据收集,其次是在战略驻扎的机动部队内进行的乳房X光检查评估。利用BI-RADS系统进行放射学解释,伴随着患者人口统计数据的细致记录,习惯,识字,病史,和母乳喂养的做法。参与者是通过与非政府组织合作招募的,军营,村庄Panchayats,城市合作社。筛查营定期安排,每个营地容纳90名或更少的患者。
结果:在1505名患者中,大多数人年龄在45-50岁之间。筛查的数量逐年增加,2022年达到441的峰值。BI-RADSII是最常见的发现(48.77%),表明良性病变的存在,而BI-RADS0(32.96%)需要进一步评估。高风险类别(BI-RADSIII,IV,V)不太常见,BI-RADSV是最罕见的。BI-RADSIII的随访依从性最高,IV,和V类,BI-RADSV实现100%随访。然而,496例BI-RADS0例患者中仅320例获得随访,表明护理连续性存在差距。总体随访率为66.89%。与城市地区相比,农村地区表现出更高的筛查率,但随访率较低,强调需要有针对性的干预措施,以改善后续护理的获取,尤其是在农村地区。
结论:本研究强调了移动乳房X线摄影单元在边缘化人群中的功效。坚持筛查方案已经成为早期检测的关键,改善预后,和整体公共卫生增强。解决围绕乳房X光检查的误解,尤其是在农村地区,至关重要。这些发现要求在宣传和教育方面加大力度,以促进乳腺癌筛查计划的益处。未来的干预措施应优先考虑改善查谟省获得后续护理的机会,并解决筛查问题,以加强乳腺癌的管理。
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains a pervasive threat to women worldwide, with increasing incidence rates necessitating effective screening strategies. Timely detection with mammography has emerged as the primary tool for mass screening. This retrospective study, which is part of the Chiraiya Project, aimed to evaluate breast lesion patients identified during opportunistic mammography screening camps in Jammu Province, India.
METHODS: A total of 1505 women aged 40 years and older were screened using a mobile mammographic unit over a five-year period, excluding 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criterion was women in the specified age group, while the exclusion criterion was women with open breast wounds, history of breast cancer or a history of breast surgery. The screening process involved comprehensive data collection using a detailed Proforma, followed by mammographic assessments conducted within strategically stationed mobile units. Radiological interpretations utilizing the BI-RADS system were performed, accompanied by meticulous documentation of patient demographics, habits, literacy, medical history, and breastfeeding practices. Participants were recruited through collaborations with NGOs, army camps, village panchayats, and urban cooperatives. Screening camps were scheduled periodically, with each camp accommodating 90 patients or fewer.
RESULTS: Among the 1505 patients, most were aged 45-50 years. The number of screenings increased yearly, peaking at 441 in 2022. The BI-RADS II was the most common finding (48.77%), indicating the presence of benign lesions, while the BI-RADS 0 (32.96%) required further evaluation. Higher-risk categories (BI-RADS III, IV, V) were less common, with BI-RADS V being the rarest. Follow-up adherence was highest in the BI-RADS III, IV, and V categories, with BI-RADS V achieving 100% follow-up. However, only 320 of 496 BI-RADS 0 patients were followed up, indicating a gap in continuity of care. The overall follow-up rate was 66.89%. Compared to urban areas, rural areas demonstrated greater screening uptake but lower follow-up rates, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to improve follow-up care access, especially in rural contexts.
CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the efficacy of a mobile mammographic unit in reaching marginalized populations. Adherence to screening protocols has emerged as a linchpin for early detection, improved prognosis, and holistic public health enhancement. Addressing misconceptions surrounding mammographic screenings, especially in rural settings, is crucial. These findings call for intensified efforts in advocacy and education to promote the benefits of breast cancer screening initiatives. Future interventions should prioritize improving access to follow-up care and addressing screening to enhance breast cancer management in Jammu Province.