UASSIGNED:我们对便携式定量和半定量设备的分析性能进行了分类和总结,用于评估各种生物样品中维生素A状态和维生素A缺乏症(VAD)的证据,包括全血,等离子体,血清,和牛奶-除了通过瞳孔反应等功能指标进行VAD测定。
未经评估:我们在文献中搜索了已发表的研究文章,专利,以及来自移动设备制造商的信息,特别是那些适合低资源设置。所包含的设备需要是便携式的(重量轻,理想情况下不需要电源插座),并测量维生素A以及定义VAD。符合条件的研究将便携式设备与血液和牛奶的高效液相色谱参考标准进行了比较,或用于眼睛/视觉的Goldmann-Weekers深色适应计。如有,识别的设备与参考方法在几个性能标准进行了比较。如果可能,我们将已发表的研究报告中报告的器件性能与制造商网站上规定的性能标准进行了比较。
UNASSIGNED:我们编目了25种便携式设备,用于通过生物样品测量维生素A和/或VAD。我们还确定了18项比较研究(加上相关报告),评估了9种方法:iCheckFluoro,iCheck胡萝卜素,CRAFTi,带或不带HYPER过滤系统的Tidbit,自定义现场友好的免疫测定,和用于血液的微流体分析;用于牛奶的iCheckFluoro和iCheck胡萝卜素;以及用于眼睛功能的Scotopic敏感性测试仪-1。
未经证实:iCheckFluoro和iCheck胡萝卜素是市售的,可用于测量血液和牛奶样品中的维生素A,根据可用的验证数据。许多其他已识别的设备,包括其他便携式荧光计,光度计,免疫测定,基于微流体的设备,和黑暗的适应计,是概念的证明,尚未商业化。此外,这些其他设备均未包括制造商描述的设备性能标准,以与实验研究的描述进行比较.仍然存在一些差距,包括将其他便携式设备与参考标准进行比较的研究,特别是对于维生素A状态/缺乏的功能指标;可用的制造商报告的设备性能标准,以比较未来的调查结果;以及更全面的验证指标报告,包括灵敏度,特异性,精度,和Bland-Altman分析.
UNASSIGNED: We catalog and summarize evidence of the analytical performance of portable quantitative and semi-quantitative devices for the assessment of vitamin A status and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in various biological samples-including whole blood, plasma, serum, and milk-in addition to VAD determination by functional indicators such as pupillary response.
UNASSIGNED: We searched the literature for published research articles, patents, and information from manufacturers of mobile devices, particularly those appropriate for low-resource settings. The included devices were required to be portable (lightweight and ideally not needing a power outlet) and to measure vitamin A as well as define VAD. Eligible studies compared a portable device to a reference standard of high-performance liquid chromatography for blood and milk, or a Goldmann-Weekers dark adaptometer for eyes/vision. Where available, identified devices were compared with reference methods across several performance criteria. When possible, we compared the device\'s performance reported in published studies against the stated performance criteria from the manufacturers\' websites.
UNASSIGNED: We catalogued 25 portable devices for measuring vitamin A and/or VAD via biological samples. We also identified 18 comparison studies (plus associated reports) assessing nine methods: the iCheck Fluoro, iCheck Carotene, CRAFTi, Tidbit with or without the HYPER filtration system, custom field-friendly immunoassays, and microfluidic assays for blood; the iCheck Fluoro and iCheck Carotene for milk; and the Scotopic Sensitivity Tester-1 for eye function.
UNASSIGNED: The iCheck Fluoro and iCheck Carotene are commercially available for use and are acceptable for measuring vitamin A in blood and milk samples, according to the available validation data. Many of the other identified devices, including other portable fluorometers, photometers, immunoassays, microfluidics-based devices, and dark adaptometers, were proofs of concept and not yet commercially available. Furthermore, none of these other devices included manufacturer-described device performance criteria to compare with descriptions from experimental studies. Several gaps remain, including studies comparing the other portable devices against a reference standard, particularly for functional indicators of vitamin A status/deficiency; available manufacturer-reported device performance criteria against which to compare future results of investigations; and more comprehensive reporting of validation metrics including sensitivity, specificity, precision, and Bland-Altman analysis.