Drug-coated balloon (DCB) technology was developed to deliver the antiproliferative drugs to the vessel wall without leaving any permanent prosthesis or durable polymers. The absence of foreign material can reduce the risk of very late stent failure, improve the ability to perform bypass-graft surgery, and reduce the need for long-term dual antiplatelet therapy, potentially reducing associated bleeding complications. The DCB technology, like the bioresorbable scaffolds, is expected to be a therapeutic approach that facilitates the \"leave nothing behind\" strategy. Although newer generation drug-eluting stents are the most common therapeutic strategy in modern percutaneous coronary interventions, the use of DCB is steadily increasing in Japan. Currently, the DCB is only indicated for treatment of in-stent restenosis or small vessel lesions (< 3.0 mm), but potential expansion for larger vessels (≥ 3.0 mm) may hasten its use in a wider range of lesions or patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. The task force of the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics (CVIT) was convened to describe the expert consensus on DCBs. This document aims to summarize its concept, current clinical evidence, possible indications, technical considerations, and future perspectives.

Peripheral arterial diseases comprise different clinical presentations, from cerebrovascular disease down to lower extremity artery disease, from subclinical to disabling symptoms and events. According to clinical presentation, the patient\'s general condition, anatomical location and extension of lesions, revascularisation may be needed in addition to best medical treatment. The 2017 European Society of Cardiology guidelines in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery have addressed the indications for revascularisation. While most cases are amenable to either endovascular or surgical revascularisation, maintaining long-term patency is often challenging. Early and late procedural complications, but also local and remote recurrences frequently lead to revascularisation failure. The rationale for surveillance is to propose the accurate implementation of preventive strategies to avoid other cardiovascular events and disease progression and avoid recurrence of symptoms and the need for redo revascularisation. Combined with vascular history and physical examination, duplex ultrasound scanning is the pivotal imaging technique for identifying revascularisation failures. Other non-invasive examinations (ankle and toe brachial index, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging) at regular intervals can optimise surveillance in specific settings. Currently, optimal revascularisation surveillance programmes are not well defined and systematic reviews addressing long-term results after revascularisation are lacking. We have systematically reviewed the literature addressing follow-up after revascularisation and we propose this consensus document as a complement to the recent guidelines for optimal surveillance of revascularised patients beyond the perioperative period.

Peripheral arterial diseases comprise different clinical presentations, from cerebrovascular disease down to lower extremity artery disease, from subclinical to disabling symptoms and events. According to clinical presentation, the patient\'s general condition, anatomical location and extension of lesions, revascularisation may be needed in addition to best medical treatment. The 2017 European Society of Cardiology guidelines in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery have addressed the indications for revascularisation. While most cases are amenable to either endovascular or surgical revascularisation, maintaining long-term patency is often challenging. Early and late procedural complications, but also local and remote recurrences frequently lead to revascularisation failure. The rationale for surveillance is to propose the accurate implementation of preventive strategies to avoid other cardiovascular events and disease progression and avoid recurrence of symptoms and the need for redo revascularisation. Combined with vascular history and physical examination, duplex ultrasound scanning is the pivotal imaging technique for identifying revascularisation failures. Other non-invasive examinations (ankle and toe brachial index, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging) at regular intervals can optimise surveillance in specific settings. Currently, optimal revascularisation surveillance programmes are not well defined and systematic reviews addressing long-term results after revascularisation are lacking. We have systematically reviewed the literature addressing follow-up after revascularisation and we propose this consensus document as a complement to the recent guidelines for optimal surveillance of revascularised patients beyond the perioperative period.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to investigate factors associated with restenosis after endovascular therapy comparing TASC (Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus) II classes A to C with class D femoropopliteal (FP) lesions.
BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the determinants of restenosis for TASC II class D lesions are the same as those for TASC II classes A to C FP lesions.
METHODS: We studied 2,400 limbs from 1,889 consecutive patients (73 ± 17 years of age; 31% women; 30% critical limb ischemia) who underwent successful endovascular therapy for de novo FP lesions. Predictors for restenosis in TASC II classes A to C and class D lesions were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model.
RESULTS: The 5-year primary patency rate was 50% in TASC II classes A to C and 34% in TASC II class D lesions, respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, restenosis had a significant interaction with sex and renal failure (both p < 0.01). Female sex was a significant risk factor for restenosis in TASC II class D lesions (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.80, p < 0.001) but not TASC II classes A to C lesions (adjusted HR: 1.10, p = 0.352). Conversely, renal insufficiency was a significant risk factor for restenosis in TASC II classes A to C lesions (adjusted HR: 1.43, p < 0.001) but not TASC II class D lesions (adjusted HR: 0.79, p = 0.129). Diabetes mellitus, no stent use, chronic total occlusion, and poor below-the-knee runoff were shared risk factors for restenosis between TASC II classes A to C and class D lesions (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: For de novo FP lesions, diabetes, no stent use, chronic total occlusion, and poor below-the-knee runoff were shared restenosis predictors for TASC II classes A to C and class D lesions, whereas renal failure was a predictor for TASC II classes A to C lesions and female sex for TASC II class D lesions.