小小米富含营养,适应气候的粮食和饲料作物。它们包括手指小米,proso小米,谷草,小小米,科多小米,谷子,和谷仓谷子。它们是自花授粉作物,属于禾本科。因此,扩大遗传基础,通过人工杂交创造变异是先决条件。花卉形态,尺寸,和花期行为在通过杂交进行重组育种中引起主要障碍。小花的人工去雄实际上非常困难;因此,接触法的杂交方法被广泛采用。然而,获得真实F1的成功率为2%到3%。在手指小米,热水处理(52°C)3至5分钟会导致暂时性雄性不育。化学品,如马来酰肼,赤霉素,不同浓度的乙烯酮有助于诱导指小米雄性不育。项目协调单位开发的部分无菌(PS)生产线,小小米,班加罗尔也在使用中。来自PS系的杂交中的种子结实百分比在27.4至49.4之间,平均为40.10%。在Proso小米中,小小米,和棕色小米,除了接触方法,热水处理,手去雄,和苏联的杂交方法也被遵循。一种新开发的改良杂交方法,称为小小米农业科学大学班加罗尔(SMUASB)方法,在小小米和小小米中获得真正的杂种的成功率为56%至60%。建议在谷子的温室和生长室下进行手工去雄和授粉,成功率为75%。在谷仓里,通常实施热水处理(48°C至52°C)5分钟,然后是接触法。Kodo小米正处于婚姻状态,诱变育种是广泛遵循的创造变异。最常见的是,在手指小米和谷仓小米中进行热水处理,SMUASB在proso,还有小小米.虽然没有特定的方法适合所有的小小米,至关重要的是要确定一种无故障的技术,在所有小小米中产生最大的杂交种子。
Small millets are nutri-rich, climate-resilient food and fodder crops. They include finger millet, proso millet, foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, browntop millet, and barnyard millet. They are self-pollinated crops and belong to the family Poaceae. Hence, to widen the genetic base, the creation of variation through artificial hybridization is a prerequisite. Floral morphology, size, and anthesis behavior cause major hindrances in
recombination breeding through hybridization. Manual emasculation of florets is practically very difficult; therefore, the contact method of hybridization is widely followed. However, the success rate of obtaining true F1s is 2% to 3%. In finger millet, hot water treatment (52°C) for 3 to 5 min causes temporal male sterility. Chemicals such as maleic hydrazide, gibberellic acid, and ethrel at different concentrations aid in inducing male sterility in finger millet. Partial-sterile (PS) lines developed at the Project Coordinating Unit, Small Millets, Bengaluru are also in use. The percent seed set in crosses derived from PS lines ranged from 27.4 to 49.4, with an average of 40.10%. In proso millet, little millet, and browntop millet, apart from contact method, hot water treatment, hand emasculation, and the USSR method of hybridization are also followed. A newly developed modified crossing method known as the Small Millets University of Agricultural Sciences Bengaluru (SMUASB) method in proso and little millets has a success rate of 56% to 60% in obtaining true hybrids. Hand emasculation and pollination under the greenhouse and growth chamber in foxtail millet with a success rate of 75% seed set is suggested. In barnyard millet, hot water treatment (48°C to 52°C) for 5 min followed by the contact method is often practiced. Kodo millet being cleistogamous, mutation breeding is widely followed to create variation. Most commonly, hot water treatment is followed in finger millet and barnyard millet, SMUASB in proso, and little millet. Although no specific method is suitable for all small millets, it is essential to identify a trouble-free technique that produces maximum crossed seeds in all the small millets.