Ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) is an infrequent disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of binocular diplopia caused by paroxysmal contraction of one or several extraocular muscles innervated by the same cranial nerve. It can be triggered spontaneously or caused by prolonged contraction of specific eye muscle(s) and is usually related to a local intracranial radiotherapy antecedent. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman who developed intermittent episodes of binocular diplopia eight years after radiotherapy for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma. After a complete neuro-ophthalmic assessment we diagnosed the case as an abducens nerve neuromyotonia. Although it is infrequent, radiotherapy to the nasopharynx is a possible cause of ONM, due to the proximity to the base of the skull and extraocular motor nerve pathways, especially that of the VI cranial nerve, as is the case presented in this article, about a patient whose history is a nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with local radiotherapy.

Small-cell lung cancer may directly affect the eye by metastatic proliferation or indirectly by paraneoplastic syndromes. The choroid is the most common site for uveal metastasis (90%); however, the iris can be involved in a smaller proportion of cases (incidence <10%). Blurred vision, pain, redness, photophobia, glaucoma, hyphema and visual field defects can arise from this metastatic involvement. The median survival time for patients with iris metastasis is reported to be 4 months. Secondary glaucoma can be managed with topical and oral treatment, transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, laser trabeculoplasty, anti-VEGF, Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS), filtering surgery, shunting surgery or enucleation. A case of primary small-cell lung cancer with iris metastasis is presented. The metastases produced an angle-closure glaucoma, which was refractory to topical treatment. Local radiotherapy was administered, obtaining a good local response.

UNASSIGNED: La colitis actínica es una endarteritis obliterante ocasionada por exposición a radiación ionizante. Se manifiesta de manera aguda (primeras semanas) o crónica (hasta 30 años después).
UNASSIGNED: Paciente tratado por neoplasia rectal mediante quimiorradioterapia y amputación abdominoperineal. En su estudio por cuadros oclusivos se objetiva una estenosis colónica desde la colostomía hasta el ángulo hepático. Se lleva a cabo cirugía resectiva, con resultado favorable.
UNASSIGNED: En los próximos años es previsible un aumento en la incidencia de esta patología. Resultará fundamental establecer un nivel de sospecha que nos permita detectar los casos, así como establecer medidas que prevengan su aparición.
UNASSIGNED: Radiation colitis is a obliterans endarteritis caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. It manifests early or late in time.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case of rectal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy and abdominoperineal resection ten years before. Patient suffered occlusive periods and colonoscopy showed stenotic colon extending from the colostomy up hepatic flexure. Colonic resection surgery was performed.
UNASSIGNED: It will be essential to establish a high level of suspicion that allows us to detect cases and it also will be essential to establish measures to prevent its occurrence.

METHODS: A 53-year old male presented with visual impairment in right eye after irradiation of right maxillary sinus carcinoma. Funduscopy shows radiation retinopathy: haemorrhages, exudates, macular oedema, and peripheral retinal ischaemia. A poor outcome was achieved despite laser treatment and intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, resulting in evisceration of the affected eye.
CONCLUSIONS: Radiation retinopathy must be considered in any loss of vision after head and neck irradiation. Ophthalmological long-term follow-up of these patients is essential for an early diagnosis.

METHODS: A 43-year-old woman presented with a salmon-coloured patch of 0.7mm diameter in the right eye that extended into the lower fornix in the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva, with irregular edges, and highly vascularised. Incisional biopsy was performed, showing it to be a low-grade conjunctival non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma (or a mucosa associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphoma).
CONCLUSIONS: The lesion remained stable for 24 months of follow-up, when a relapse of the condition occurred, producing an enlargement of the initial lesion. The definitive diagnosis is made by biopsy of the affected tissue and histopathologic study.