近几十年来,浣熊(Procyonlotor)和浣熊犬(Nyctereutesprocyonides)的数量已经增加,并适应了世界许多地区的城市和城市环境。他们迅速殖民新领土的能力,高可塑性和行为适应性使这两个物种被认为是最成功的入侵外来物种中的两个。不断增长和扩大的人口引起的主要威胁之一是它们在野生动物中维持和传播各种媒介传播病原体方面的相关作用,家畜和人类。根据WHO,超过17%的传染病是媒介传播疾病,包括那些通过蜱传播的。每年蜱传病原体(TBP)都会带来新的公共卫生挑战。一些新出现的疾病,比如莱姆病,无形体病,埃里希体病,巴贝西虫病和立克次体病,近年来被描述为对全球健康构成重要威胁。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前关于这种情况发生的分子和血清学数据,一些TBP的多样性和普遍性,即Babesia,Theileria,肝虫,疏螺旋体,立克次体,巴尔通体,无性体和埃利希氏菌,在栖息在其本地栖息地和引种区域的浣熊和浣熊犬中检测到。我们提请注意目前有关这些侵入性食肉动物的有限数据,这些食肉动物是世界不同地区潜在的TBP库。同时,我们表示需要进行更多的研究,以便更好地了解这些TBP的流行病学并评估源自野生动植物的未来风险。
In recent decades, populations of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonides) have increased and adapted to peri-urban and urban environments in many parts of the world. Their ability to rapidly colonize new territories, high plasticity and behavioral adaptation has enabled these two species to be considered two of the most successful invasive alien species. One of the major threats arising from continually growing and expanding populations is their relevant role in maintaining and transmitting various vector-borne pathogens among wildlife, domestic animals and humans. According to the WHO, over 17% of infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases, including those transmitted by ticks. Every year tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) create new public health challenges. Some of the emerging diseases, such as Lyme borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis and rickettsiosis, have been described in recent years as posing important threats to global health. In this
review we summarize current molecular and serological data on the occurrence, diversity and prevalence of some of the TBPs, namely Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Bartonella, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, that have been detected in raccoons and raccoon dogs that inhabit their native habitats and introduced areas. We draw attention to the limited data currently available on these invasive carnivores as potential reservoirs of TBPs in different parts of the world. Simultaneously we indicate the need for more research in order to better understand the epidemiology of these TBPs and to assess the future risk originating from wildlife.