骨骼肌质量由肌肉蛋白质合成(MPS)和降解之间的平衡决定。几种细胞内信号通路控制着这种平衡,包括哺乳动物/机械目标雷帕霉素(mTOR)复合物1(C1)。骨骼肌中这一途径的激活受到控制,在某种程度上,通过营养(例如,氨基酸和酒精)和运动(例如,阻力运动(RE))。急性和慢性饮酒可导致肌病,证据表明mTORC1信号传导改变是一个促成因素。此外,经常进行RE或剧烈有氧运动的人更有可能频繁和大量饮酒。因此,酒精可以拮抗有益的运动诱导的mTORC1途径信号增加。这篇综述的目的是综合有关mTORC1途径信号传导以及急性酒精和RE对mTORC1途径激活的独立和联合影响的最新证据。总的来说,急性酒精损害和RE激活mTORC1通路信号;然而,效果因模型而异,性别,喂养,培训状况,数量,等。,这样合成代谢刺激可以部分挽救酒精介导的途径抑制。同样,酒精对RE诱导的mTORC1通路信号的影响似乎取决于几个因素,包括营养和性别,尽管许多问题仍然没有答案。因此,我们发现了文献中尚待阐明的空白,以充分理解酒精和RE对mTORC1通路信号传导的独立和综合影响.
Skeletal muscle mass is determined by the balance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and degradation. Several intracellular signaling pathways control this balance, including mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (C1). Activation of this pathway in skeletal muscle is controlled, in part, by nutrition (e.g., amino acids and alcohol) and exercise (e.g., resistance exercise (RE)). Acute and chronic alcohol use can result in myopathy, and evidence points to altered mTORC1 signaling as a contributing factor. Moreover, individuals who regularly perform RE or vigorous aerobic exercise are more likely to use alcohol frequently and in larger quantities. Therefore, alcohol may antagonize beneficial exercise-induced increases in mTORC1 pathway signaling. The purpose of this
review is to synthesize up-to-date evidence regarding mTORC1 pathway signaling and the independent and combined effects of acute alcohol and RE on activation of the mTORC1 pathway. Overall, acute alcohol impairs and RE activates mTORC1 pathway signaling; however, effects vary by model, sex, feeding, training status, quantity, etc., such that anabolic stimuli may partially rescue the alcohol-mediated pathway inhibition. Likewise, the impact of alcohol on RE-induced mTORC1 pathway signaling appears dependent on several factors including nutrition and sex, although many questions remain unanswered. Accordingly, we identify gaps in the literature that remain to be elucidated to fully understand the independent and combined impacts of alcohol and RE on mTORC1 pathway signaling.