背景:疫苗犹豫是一个全球关注的复杂问题。由于护士在提供患者护理和塑造疫苗公众意见方面发挥着至关重要的作用,必须采取干预措施来解决护理中的疫苗犹豫。因此,确定导致犹豫的特征和态度的概况可能有助于确定针对量身定制的全球疫苗接种运动的特定重点领域.这项研究的目的是概述护理界对COVID-19和流感疫苗犹豫不决的特征和态度。
方法:这种多站点,横断面研究从英国招募了1967名注册护士和1230名护理学生,芬兰,和意大利在2023年3月至9月之间。
方法:数据收集涉及采用疫苗接种态度检查(VAX)量表的在线调查,卑尔根社交媒体成瘾量表,以及与社会人口统计学和职业特征有关的问题。基于VAX量表,使用k均值聚类分析来识别各种犹豫簇。单因素方差分析和卡方检验用于确定社会人口统计学特征的显著差异,职业因素,疫苗接种的态度,和集群之间的社交媒体使用情况。
结果:确定了三个不同的簇。概况A显示了很高的疫苗信心,配置文件B显示出轻微的犹豫,配置文件C报告了高度的犹豫。在配置文件C中,在年轻人中发现了更高水平的疫苗犹豫,文化程度较低的护士经验不足。虽然受过高等教育的老年护士,担任高级角色的人,对疫苗更有信心,并且有一致的接受流感和COVID-19疫苗接种的历史(概况A)。研究发现意大利护士非常犹豫(简介C),英国护士高度自信(简介A),和芬兰护士均匀分布在自信之间,有点犹豫,高度犹豫(简介A,B,C,分别)。此外,Instagram和TikTok的更频繁使用与疫苗犹豫有关(配置文件B和C),LinkedIn和X在对疫苗有信心的个体中更为常见(概况A)。
结论:这项研究在国际护士样本中确定了与疫苗犹豫相关的特定社会人口统计学和职业因素。此外,确定了导致犹豫的态度,对疫苗未来不可预见的影响的担忧被认为是一种批评态度,可能会削弱信心,增加护理方面的犹豫。这项研究还揭示了社交媒体平台对疫苗犹豫的影响,因此,指出哪些平台可以有效地向全球护理社区传播疫苗接种运动。
结论:全球疫苗接种运动应侧重于具体概况和集群,以促进国际护理界的疫苗接种。在职业生涯早期赋予护士权力将有助于灌输积极的疫苗接种行为,确保在整个个人职业生涯中以及以后持续接种疫苗,对促进公共卫生层面的疫苗接种也有影响。
BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy is a complex issue of global concern. As nurses play a vital role in delivering patient care and shaping public opinions on vaccines, interventions to address vaccine hesitancy in nursing are imperative. As such, identifying profiles of characteristics and attitudes contributing to hesitancy may help identify specific areas of focus to target tailored global vaccination uptake campaigns. The purpose of this
study was to profile the characteristics and attitudes contributing to hesitancy toward COVID-19 and Influenza vaccines in the nursing community.
METHODS: This multisite, cross-sectional
study recruited 1967 registered nurses and 1230 nursing students from the United Kingdom, Finland, and Italy between March and September 2023.
METHODS: Data collection involved an online survey adopting the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and questions pertaining to sociodemographic and occupational characteristics. A k-means cluster analysis was used to identify various clusters of hesitancy based on the VAX Scale. One-way ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to identify significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics, occupational factors, vaccination attitudes, and social media usage between the clusters.
RESULTS: Three distinct clusters were identified. Profile A showed high vaccine confidence, profile B displayed slight hesitancy, and profile C reported high levels of hesitancy. In profile C, higher levels of vaccine hesitancy were identified in younger, less experienced nurses with lower educational attainment. While older nurses with higher educational attainment, who were in senior roles, were more vaccine-confident and had a consistent history of accepting the Influenza and COVID-19 vaccinations (profile A). The
study found Italian nurses highly hesitant (profile C), British nurses highly confident (profile A), and Finnish nurses evenly distributed between confident, slightly hesitant, and highly hesitant (profiles A, B, and C, respectively). In addition, more frequent usage of Instagram and TikTok was associated with vaccine hesitancy (profiles B and C), and LinkedIn and X were more common among vaccine-confident individuals (profile A).
CONCLUSIONS: This
study has identified specific sociodemographic and occupational factors that are related to vaccine hesitancy in an international sample of nurses. Additionally, attitudes contributing to hesitancy were identified, with worries about unforeseen future effects of the vaccine being identified as a critical attitude that may undermine confidence and increase hesitancy in nursing. This
study also sheds light on the influence that social media platforms have on vaccine hesitancy and, as such, indicates which platforms are effective to disseminate vaccination campaigns to global nursing communities.
CONCLUSIONS: Global vaccination campaigns should focus on specific profiles and clusters to promote vaccination in the international nursing community. Empowering nurses early in their careers will help to instill positive vaccination behaviors, ensuring a sustained uptake of vaccinations throughout the individual\'s career and beyond, with an impact on promoting vaccination at the public health level as well.