背景:世界人口的老龄化导致与年龄有关的疾病的患病率增加,包括认知障碍。在痴呆症阶段,治疗干预通常变得无效。因此,今天的研究人员和临床医生正在寻找允许早期诊断认知障碍的方法,包括基于使用生物标记的技术。
目的:这篇文献综述的目的是深入研究以阿尔茨海默病的现代实验室测试为中心的科学论文,包括认知障碍早期阶段的生物标志物测试。
方法:作者对2015年至2023年发表的科学论文进行了描述性审查。分析了PubMed和WebofScience电子数据库中包含的研究。描述性分析用于总结收集的信息。
结果:血液和脑脊液(CSF)生物标志物,以及它们使用的优点和缺点,被审查。最有前途的神经营养,神经炎,和遗传标记,包括多基因风险模型,也讨论了。
结论:在临床实践中使用生物标志物将有助于早期诊断与阿尔茨海默病相关的认知障碍。在没有明显认知功能下降症状的情况下,基因筛查试验可以提高临床前异常的检测阈值。在临床实践中积极使用生物标志物,结合基因筛查早期诊断阿尔茨海默病认知障碍,可以提高医疗干预的及时性和有效性。
BACKGROUND: The aging of the worlds population leads to an increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases, including cognitive impairment. At the stage of dementia, therapeutic interventions become usually ineffective. Therefore, researchers and clinical practitioners today are looking for methods that allow for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment, including techniques that are based on the use of biological markers.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this literature
review is to delve into scientific papers that are centered on modern laboratory tests for Alzheimers disease, including tests for biological markers at the early stages of cognitive impairment.
METHODS: The authors have carried out a descriptive
review of scientific papers published from 2015 to 2023. Studies that are included in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases were analyzed. A descriptive analysis was used to summarized the gleaned information.
RESULTS: Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of their use, are reviewed. The most promising neurotrophic, neuroinflammatory, and genetic markers, including polygenic risk models, are also discussed.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of biomarkers in clinical practice will contribute to the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimers disease. Genetic screening tests can improve the detection threshold of preclinical abnormalities in the absence of obvious symptoms of cognitive decline. The active use of biomarkers in clinical practice, in combination with genetic screening for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Alzheimers disease, can improve the timeliness and effectiveness of medical interventions.