在过去的几十年里,Paspalum属的草已经成为一种允许进化的通用模型,遗传,分子,无融合生殖的发育研究以及成功的育种应用。这种原型系统的兴起经历了整合阶段,这对于根据坚实的标准得出结论至关重要。这里,我们回顾了Paspalum中采用的步骤,以建立有关无融合生殖的现有知识体系,并为其他农学上重要的无融合生殖作物提供模型育种计划。特别是,我们讨论了对先前详细的细胞胚胎学和细胞遗传学种质表征的需求;建立相同倍性水平的有性和无融合生殖材料;对遗传分析有用的分离种群的发展,位置映射,和表观遗传控制研究;组学数据资源的开发;通过比较基因表达研究鉴定关键分子途径;控制无融合生殖的基因组基因座的准确分子表征;对无融合生殖和模型物种中选定的候选基因进行深入的功能分析;成功构建有性/无融合生殖组合育种方案。
In the past decades, the grasses of the Paspalum genus have emerged as a versatile model allowing evolutionary, genetic, molecular, and developmental studies on apomixis as well as successful breeding applications. The rise of such an archetypal system progressed through integrative phases, which were essential to draw conclusions based on solid standards. Here, we review the steps adopted in Paspalum to establish the current body of knowledge on apomixis and provide model breeding programs for other agronomically important apomictic crops. In particular, we discuss the need for previous detailed cytoembryological and cytogenetic germplasm characterization; the establishment of sexual and apomictic materials of identical ploidy level; the development of segregating populations useful for inheritance analysis, positional mapping, and epigenetic control studies; the development of omics data resources; the identification of key molecular pathways via comparative gene expression studies; the accurate molecular characterization of genomic loci governing apomixis; the in-depth functional analysis of selected candidate genes in apomictic and model species; the successful building of a sexual/apomictic combined breeding scheme.